Pezizomycetes genomes reveal the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle
Pezizomycetes genomes reveal the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-018-0710-4
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Martin, Francis M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murat, Claude;Payen, Thibaut;Martin, Francis M.
块菌科是共生块菌形成真菌的最多样化的谱系之一。为了了解外生菌根块菌生活方式的分子基础，我们比较了皮埃蒙特白色块菌（Tuber magnatum），Perigord黑块菌（Tuber melanosporum），勃艮第块菌（Tuber aestivum），猪块菌（Choiromyces venosus）和沙漠块菌（Terfezia boudieri）的基因组与腐食性盘菌。重建基因重复/丢失的历史沿着一个时间校准的子囊菌的基因发生显示，子囊菌科的特定性状可能与较高的基因多样化率。块茎物种的基因组特征似乎非常相似，具有高转座子含量，编码木质纤维素降解酶的基因很少，大量的谱系特异性子实体上调基因和参与挥发性有机化合物代谢的基因的高表达。外生菌和子实体中发育代谢途径的表达。magnatum和T. melanosporum是出乎意料的非常相似，由于事实上，他们分歧-100 Ma。来自辛辣块菌气味的挥发性有机化合物并不是特定基因创新的产物，而是依赖于现有基因库的差异表达。这些基因组资源将有助于解决松露生活方式进化和真菌生态学中的基本问题，这些真菌几个世纪以来一直被誉为美味佳肴。
Tuberaceae is one of the most diverse lineages of symbiotic truffle-forming fungi. To understand the molecular underpinning of the ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle, we compared the genomes of Piedmont white truffle (Tuber magnatum), Perigord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum), Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum), pig truffle (Choiromyces venosus) and desert truffle (Terfezia boudieri) to saprotrophic Pezizomycetes. Reconstructed gene duplication/loss histories along a time-calibrated phylogeny of Ascomycetes revealed that Tuberaceae-specific traits may be related to a higher gene diversification rate. Genomic features in Tuber species appear to be very similar, with high transposon content, few genes coding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, a substantial set of lineage-specific fruiting-body-upregulated genes and high expression of genes involved in volatile organic compound metabolism. Developmental and metabolic pathways expressed in ectomycorrhizae and fruiting bodies of T. magnatum and T. melanosporum are unexpectedly very similar, owing to the fact that they diverged -100 Ma. Volatile organic compounds from pungent truffle odours are not the products of Tuber-specific gene innovations, but rely on the differential expression of an existing gene repertoire. These genomic resources will help to address fundamental questions in the evolution of the truffle lifestyle and the ecology of fungi that have been praised as food delicacies for centuries.