Imaging of nitrogen fixation at lithium solid electrolyte interphases via cryo-electron microscopy

Imaging of nitrogen fixation at lithium solid electrolyte interphases via cryo-electron microscopy
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通过冷冻电子显微镜对锂固体电解质界面的固氮成像

DOI:
10.1038/s41560-022-01177-5
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
56.7
通讯作者:
Li, Yuzhang
Li, Yuzhang
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Steinberg, Katherine;Yuan, Xintong;Klein, Channing K.;Lazouski, Nikifar;Mecklenburg, Matthew;Manthiram, Karthish;Li, Yuzhang

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氨是一种重要的工业化学品,也被认为是一种潜在的能源载体。电气化氨合成可以帮助化学工业脱碳,因为哈伯-博世工艺对全球碳排放有显着贡献。锂介导的途径是最有前途的常温电化学氨合成方法之一。然而,金属锂及其钝化层(固体电解质中间相(SEI))的作用仍然没有得到解决。在这里,我们使用低温透射电子显微镜作为多尺度方法的一部分来探索锂的反应性和SEI,发现质子供体(例如,乙醇)控制锂对固氮的反应性。在没有乙醇的情况下,SEI钝化锂金属,使其对氮还原无活性。乙醇破坏了该钝化层,使得锂表面能够持续反应。结果,金属锂通过与氮、质子供体和其它电解质组分的反应而被消耗。SEI上的这种反应性对于锂介导的氨合成的设备级性能至关重要。
Ammonia is an important industrial chemical and is also being discussed as a potential energy carrier. Electrifying ammonia synthesis could help to decarbonize the chemical industry, as the Haber–Bosch process contributes markedly to global carbon emissions. A lithium-mediated pathway is among the most promising ambient-condition electrochemical ammonia synthesis methods. However, the role of metallic lithium and its passivation layer, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), remains unresolved. Here we use cryogenic transmission electron microscopy as part of a multiscale approach to explore lithium reactivity and the SEI, discovering that the proton donor (for example, ethanol) governs lithium reactivity towards nitrogen fixation. Without ethanol, the SEI passivates lithium metal, rendering it inactive for nitrogen reduction. Ethanol disrupts this passivation layer, enabling continuous reactivity at the lithium surface. As a result, metallic lithium is consumed via reactions with nitrogen, proton donor and other electrolyte components. This reactivity across the SEI is vital to device-level performance of lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis.
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