Context‐dependent evolution of ostracod morphology along the ecogeographical gradient of ocean depth
Context‐dependent evolution of ostracod morphology along the ecogeographical gradient of ocean depth
复制标题
介形类形态沿海洋深度生态地理梯度的环境相关演化
DOI：
10.1111/evo.13748
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Todd H. Oakley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bryan H. Juarez;D. I. Speiser;Todd H. Oakley
生态地理规则通过寻找生物表型和环境因素之间的可靠关联来帮助我们理解生物多样性。让人想起经典的生态地理规则，环境因素随着海洋深度以可预测的方式变化，从而导致对生物表型的预测。由于先前的系统发育分析及其巨大的深度范围，圆柱介形动物（甲壳类）是研究栖息地深度和表型之间关联的一个有价值的群体。使用系统发育比较方法，我们询问了从博物馆标本和文献描述中测量的 232 个圆柱石竹科物种的栖息地深度与身体大小和眼睛形态的关系。对于每个物种，我们记录了最大栖息地深度、身体大小、绝对眼睛大小、每只眼睛的小眼（小面）数量以及最大小眼的直径。我们发现，圆柱石斑鱼的形态与栖息地深度之间的关系取决于远洋带：随着透光带深度的增加，体型增大，眼睛的小眼也随之减少；随着屈光区深度的增加，身体大小不会改变，并且眼睛有更多的小眼。我们没有发现任何一个远洋区域的绝对眼睛大小和深度之间的关系。总的来说，我们发现表型和生态地理梯度之间的关联取决于中上层区域、特征状态和进化历史等环境之间的相互作用。
Ecogeographical rules inform our understanding of biodiversity by seeking reliable associations between organismal phenotypes and environmental factors. Reminiscent of classic ecogeographical rules, environmental factors vary in predictable ways with ocean depth, leading to predictions about organismal phenotypes. A valuable group for studying associations between habitat depth and phenotype is cylindroleberidid ostracods (Crustacea) because of previous phylogenetic analyses and their enormous depth range. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we asked how habitat depth relates to body size and eye morphology in 232 cylindroleberidid species measured from museum specimens and literature descriptions. For each species, we recorded maximum habitat depth, body size, absolute eye size, number of ommatidia (facets) per eye, and diameter of the largest ommatidium. We find that the relationship between morphology and habitat depth in cylindroleberidids depends on pelagic zone: as depth increases in the photic zone, body size increases and eyes have fewer ommatidia; as depth increases in the disphotic zone, body size does not change and eyes have more ommatidia. We did not find a relationship between absolute eye size and depth in either pelagic zone. Overall, we find that associations between phenotypes and ecogeographical gradients depend on interactions between contexts such as pelagic zone, character state, and evolutionary history.