Psychological Consequences of Early Global Deprivation An Overview of Findings From the English & Romanian Adoptees Study
Psychological Consequences of Early Global Deprivation An Overview of Findings From the English & Romanian Adoptees Study
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DOI：
10.1027/1016-9040/a000227
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Sonuga-Barke, Edmund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kumsta, Robert;Kreppner, Jana;Sonuga-Barke, Edmund
这项名为英格兰和罗马尼亚被领养人(ERA)的研究跟踪了那些在被英国家庭领养之前，在极度贫困的罗马尼亚机构度过了他们生命的头几年的儿童。ERA的研究构成了一项“自然实验”，它允许检查从严重剥夺制度环境到收养家庭的激进环境变化的影响。该队列在4岁、6岁、11岁和15岁时进行了评估，并为早期全球剥夺的影响提供了开创性的见解。目前的论文主要关注与剥夺经历相关的长期心理后遗症。这些特定于剥夺的问题(DSP)构成了一种行为障碍的显著模式，其核心特征是社会认知和行为缺陷，以及准自闭症特征，通常伴随着认知障碍和注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的症状。可能的缓和影响，包括家庭环境的变化，收养前的特征，以及基因变异，将被讨论，以回答为什么一些人成功了，而另一些人却挣扎着。除了发现与涉及特定表型的5-羟色胺能和多巴胺能信号相关的基因变异的调节作用外，结果的异质性在很大程度上是无法解释的。审查最后对ERA研究队列目前正在进行的研究和未来的研究进行了展望，其中涉及作为制度性剥夺长期影响的可能中介的神经生物学和表观遗传机制的调查。
The English & Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study follows children who spent their first years of life in extremely depriving Romanian institutions before they were adopted by families in the UK. The ERA study constitutes a "natural experiment" that allows the examination of the effects of radical environmental change from a profoundly depriving institutional environment to an adoptive family home. The cohort has been assessed at ages 4, 6, 11, and 15 years, and has provided seminal insights into the effects Of early global deprivation. The current paper focuses On the long-term psychological sequelae associated with deprivation experiences. These deprivation-specific problems (DSPs) constitute a striking pattern of behavioral impairments, in its core characterized by deficits in social cognition and behavior, as well as quasi-autistic features, often accompanied by cognitive impairment and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Possible moderating influences, including variations in family environment, pre-adoption characteristics, and genetic variation, will be discussed to answer the question why some individuals have prospered while others have struggled. Apart from findings on the moderating effect of variation in-genes associated with serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling involving specific phenotypes, heterogeneity in outcome is largely unexplained. The review Concludes with an outlook on currently Ongoing and future research of the ERA Study cohort, which involves the investigation of neurobiological and epigenetic Mechanisms as possible mediators of the long-term effects of institutional deprivation.