Amino sugars and muramic acid -: biomarkers for soil microbial community structure analysis
Amino sugars and muramic acid -: biomarkers for soil microbial community structure analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.10.013
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Alef, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glaser, B;Turrión, MB;Alef, K
表征土壤中功能性和系统发育性微生物群落结构对于了解土壤有机质分解和转化过程中微生物衍生化合物的命运非常重要。本研究旨在探讨氨基糖和胞壁酸是否是追踪土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌残留的合适生物标记物。为了这个目的，我们调查的模式，数量和动态的三个氨基糖（氨基葡萄糖，甘露糖胺和半乳糖胺）和胞壁酸的总微生物生物量和选择性培养的细菌，真菌和放线菌的五种不同的土壤修订和不含葡萄糖。我们的研究结果表明，总氨基糖和胞壁酸的浓度，从土壤中提取的氯仿熏蒸后，在1和27毫克公斤（-1）土壤。在所有调查的土壤中，葡萄糖添加导致这些值增加50-360%。参照土壤微生物生物量-C，总氨基糖-和胞壁酸-C浓度范围为1-71 g C kg（-1）生物量-C。经过一个初始的滞后期，培养的微生物揭示了类似的氨基糖浓度约35，27和17克葡糖胺-C千克（-1）TOC的细菌，真菌和放线菌，分别。甘露糖胺和半乳糖胺浓度低于葡萄糖胺。放线菌培养物中未发现甘露糖胺。最高的胞壁酸浓度被发现在细菌中，但少量也被发现在放线菌文化。研究的三种氨基糖和胞壁酸的浓度显着不同的细菌和其他系统发育的微生物组的调查（真菌和放线菌）。氨基糖和胞壁酸浓度之间的比较，氯仿熏蒸后提取的土壤微生物生物量，在土壤中的总浓度表明，活的微生物生物量贡献的总氨基糖含量在土壤中可以忽略不计的金额，至少两个数量级大于在土壤中固有的微生物生物量。因此，氨基糖在土壤中显著稳定。(C)2003 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Characterizing functional and phylogenetic microbial community structure in soil is important for understanding the fate of microbially-derived compounds during the decomposition and turn-over of soil organic matter. This study was conducted to test whether amino sugars and muramic acid are suitable biomarkers to trace bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetal residues in soil. For this aim, we investigated the pattern, amounts, and dynamics of three amino sugars (glucosamine, mannosamine and galactosamine) and muramic acid in the total microbial biomass and selectively cultivated bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes of five different soils amended with and without glucose. Our results revealed that total amino sugar and muramic acid concentrations in microbial biomass, extracted from soil after chloroform fumigation varied between I and 27 mg kg(-1) soil. In all soils investigated, glucose addition resulted in a 50-360% increase of these values. In reference to soil microbial biomass-C, the total amino sugar- and muramic acid-C concentrations ranged from 1-71 g C kg(-1) biomass-C. After an initial lag phase, the cultivated microbes revealed similar amino sugar concentrations of about 35, 27 and 17 g glucosamine-C kg(-1) TOC in bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, respectively. Mannosamine and galactosamine concentrations were lower than those for glucosamine. Mannosamine was not found in actinomycete cultures. The highest muramic acid concentrations were found in bacteria, but small amounts were also found in actinomycete cultures. The concentrations of the three amino sugars studied and muramic acid differed significantly between bacteria and the other phylogenetic microbial groups under investigation (fungi and actinomycetes). Comparison between the amino sugar and muramic acid concentrations in soil microbial biomass, extracted after chloroform fumigation, and total concentrations in the soil showed that living microbial biomass contributed negligible amounts to total amino sugar contents in the soil, being at least two orders of magnitude greater in the soils than in the soil inherent microbial biomass. Thus, amino sugars are significantly stabilized in soil. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.