Racial steering in urban housing markets: A review of the audit evidence
Racial steering in urban housing markets: A review of the audit evidence
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城市住房市场的种族转向：审计证据审查
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Galster
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Galster
对1974年至1987年期间进行的36次公平住房审计进行的二次分析表明，在过去十年中，种族操纵在许多城市住房市场中是一种普遍的、随之而来的现象。从现存的工作中很难准确评估其在全国范围内的房屋销售部门的发生率，因为报告此类数据的网站已经做出了积极的公平住房执法努力。然而，代理人的选择性评论似乎与不同的家庭放映模式一样多，如果不是更多的话。这种导向的结果很少限制黑人审计师可用的地理选择的数量或集中度。在以白色人为主的社区，他们的所有选择通常也没有被排除在外。相反，在销售部门的指导往往构成了一个失败，显示白色审计师的选择，在地区（和学区）与非微不足道的少数民族居民的比例，并倾向于显示黑人审计师不成比例的房屋数量在地区目前拥有或预计拥有显着比例的少数民族居民。有限的证据表明，在出租公寓部门经常发生这种操纵，尽管其后果尚有待系统地确定。种族稳定的社区和公平的住房政策的研究结果的影响进行了讨论。
A secondary analysis of thirty-six fair housing audits conducted between 1974 and 1987 reveals that racial steering has been a widespread, consequential phenomenon in many urban housing markets during the last decade. It is difficult from extant work to assess precisely its incidence nationally in the home sales sector because sites reporting such data have had atypically active fair housing enforcement efforts. It appears, however, that selective commentary by agents has been practiced as much if not more than differential patterns of home-showings. The consequence of this steering rarely has been to limit the number or concentration of geographic alternatives available to black auditors. Nor have all their options in predominantly white communities typically been precluded. Rather, steering in the sales sector most often has constituted a failure to show white auditors options in areas (and school districts) with nontrivial proportions of minority residents, and a propensity to show black auditors disproportionate numbers of homes in areas currently possessing or expected to possess significant proportions of minority residents. Limited evidence suggests that steering has occurred often in the rental apartment sector, although its consequences have yet to be ascertained in a systematic fashion. Implications of the findings for racial stability in neighborhoods and for fair housing policy are discussed.