Effects of the 2011 tsunami on the topography, vegetation, and macrobenthic fauna in Gamo Lagoon, Japan
Effects of the 2011 tsunami on the topography, vegetation, and macrobenthic fauna in Gamo Lagoon, Japan
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2011 年海啸对日本蒲茂泻湖地形、植被和大型底栖动物的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Kikuchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Kanaya;Takao Suzuki;H. Maki;Yasuo Nakamura;Y. Miyajima;E. Kikuchi
Gamo泻湖(日本宫城县仙台市)是一个浅咸水泻湖，2011年3月11日遭到7.2米高的海啸袭击。为了评估海啸对加莫泻湖生态系统造成的变化，我们研究了2011年4月至8月期间的植物和大型底栖动物的地形和分布，并将其与海啸前的现有数据进行了比较。淹没面积从17.3公顷减少到11.8公顷，沙丘植被从8.6公顷减少到0.1公顷，松林从4.2公顷减少到2.0公顷，大型藻类斑块从7.8公顷减少到1.8公顷。相反，裸露的潮间带滩涂面积从4.7公顷增加到5.3公顷，主要是由于芦苇沼泽几乎消失(7.8公顷到1.2公顷)。泥沙被冲掉了，沉积物变得更沙化了。环礁湖中与沼泽相关的腹足类Cerithidae Rhophorarum的数量从大约40,000只(根据平均密度和栖息地面积估计)急剧下降到只有26只。在海啸前发现的79种大型底栖动物中，有47种(特别是双壳类)在海啸后消失或几乎灭绝。海啸发生后不久，人们注意到12种海洋生物的临时迁徙，但大多数在5个月内消失了。多毛蟹的种群(即球形扇贝和柔盘大闸蟹)、多毛类Hedise diadroma和包括多毛类在内的机会性物种(如Pseudopolydora cf.Kempi，Heteromastus cf.Similis和Capitella sp.)和两足类(Grandierella Japan onica和Corophiidae sp.)在同样的5个月内迅速恢复。
Gamo Lagoon (Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan), a shallow brackish lagoon, was struck by a 7.2-m-high tsunami on 11 March 2011. In order to assess the tsunami-induced changes in the ecosystem of Gamo Lagoon, we examined the topography and distribution of plants and macrobenthos between April and August, 2011, and compared them with available pre-tsunami data. The submerged area decreased from 17.3 to 11.8 ha, sand dune vegetation from 8.6 to 0.1 ha, pine forest from 4.2 to 2.0 ha, and macroalgal patches from 7.8 to 1.8 ha. Conversely, the area of bare intertidal flats increased from 4.7 to 5.3 ha, mainly owing to the near disappearance of reed marshes (7.8 to 1.2 ha). Muddy sediment was flushed out and the sediment became sandier. The population of the marsh-associated gastropod Cerithidea rhizophorarum in the lagoon declined sharply from about 40,000 (estimated from mean density and habitat area) to just 26 individuals. Of 79 species of macrobenthos found before the tsunami, 47 species (especially bivalves) were absent or nearly extirpated after the tsunami. The temporary immigration of 12 marine species was noted shortly after the tsunami, but most disappeared within 5 months. The populations of dotillid crabs (i.e., Scopimera globosa and Ilyoplax pusilla), the nereidid polychaete Hediste diadroma, and opportunistic species including polychaetes (e.g., Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, Heteromastus cf. similis, and Capitella sp.) and amphipods (Grandidierella japonica and Corophiidae sp.) recovered rapidly within the same 5-month period.