Effects of meteorological conditions on spore plumes
Effects of meteorological conditions on spore plumes
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DOI：
10.1007/s00484-002-0127-1
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发表时间：
2002-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Levetin, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burch, M;Levetin, E
真菌孢子是大气中一直存在的成分，长期以来人们都知道真菌孢子会引发敏感人群的哮喘和花粉热症状。在几个采样站，用伯卡德孢子捕捉器监测了塔尔萨周围的大气中空气中的孢子和花粉。这项研究包括在平均日浓度接近50,000孢子/m(3)或更高的日子里检查每小时孢子浓度。在4 d内测定了3个站点的枝孢菌（Cladosporium）、交替菌（Alternaria）、表皮菌（Epicoccum）、曲孢菌（Curvularia）、Pithomyces、Drechslera、黑穗病孢子（smut孢子）、子囊孢子（asco孢子）、担子孢子（basdi孢子）、other和总孢子的每小时浓度，并与每小时的气象数据（包括温度、降雨量、风速、露点、气压和风向）进行了对比。在这些日子里，每天都有孢子羽流，这是一种孢子浓度在很短的时间内急剧增加的现象。孢子羽流通常发生在中午附近，孢子浓度在2小时内从最低的约20,000孢子/m(3)增加到最高的超过170,000孢子/m(3)。对数据的多元回归分析表明，温度、露点和气压的增加与孢子浓度的增加相关，但没有单一的天气变量预测孢子羽流的出现。造成孢子羽流的这些气象参数的适当组合变化可能是由于与雷暴有关的天气条件的变化，因为孢子羽流发生的4天中有3天晚上有雷暴。孢子羽的出现可能具有临床意义，因为其他研究表明，在暴露于高浓度孢子时，可能会发生对某些孢子类型的致敏。
Fungal spores are an ever-present component of the atmosphere, and have long been known to trigger asthma and hay fever symptoms in sensitive individuals. The atmosphere around Tulsa has been monitored for airborne spores and pollen with Burkard spore traps at several sampling stations. This study involved the examination of the hourly spore concentrations on days that had average daily concentrations near 50,000 spores/m(3) or greater. Hourly concentrations of Cladosporium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Curvularia, Pithomyces, Drechslera, smut spores, ascospores, basidiospores, other, and total spores were determined on 4 days at three sites and then correlated with hourly meteorological data including temperature, rainfall, wind speed, dew point, air pressure, and wind direction. On each of these days there was a spore plume, a phenomenon in which spore concentrations increased dramatically over a very short period of time. Spore plumes generally occurred near midday, and concentrations were seen to increase from lows around 20,000 total spores/m(3) to highs over 170,000 total spores/m(3) in 2 h. Multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that increases in temperature, dew point, and air pressure correlated with the increase in spore concentrations, but no single weather variable predicted the appearance of a spore plume. The proper combination of changes in these meteorological parameters that result in a spore plume may be due to the changing weather conditions associated with thunderstorms, as on 3 of the 4 days when spore plumes occurred there were thunderstorms later that evening. The occurrence of spore plumes may have clinical significance, because other studies have shown that sensitization to certain spore types can occur during exposure to high spore concentrations.