Public Health Genomics and the New Molecular Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens
Public Health Genomics and the New Molecular Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens
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DOI：
10.1159/000342709
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Van Domselaar, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gilmour, M. W.;Graham, M.;Van Domselaar, G.
需要能够明确识别病原微生物的实验室方法来调查来自不同来源的人类传染病的传播，例如来自社区、环境、医院或受污染的食物或水源。公共卫生调查目前依赖于实验室分型方法，这些方法最终只能提供病原体总遗传信息的一小部分，尽管使用现有的分型方法取得了广泛的成功，但它们并不总是提供足够的证据将疾病病例联系在一起导致暴发，或将这些人类病例与罪魁祸首联系起来。或者，细菌病原体的全基因组测序提供了对单个病原体分离物的遗传内容的完整检查，使公共卫生实验室能够从总遗传内容的比较分析中受益。在这种情况下，全基因组测序代表了最终的流行病学分型方法-一种普遍适用的高度详细的分型平台，能够提供病原体的整个遗传蓝图并在单核苷酸水平上区分菌株。这些新的基因组方法，如果在现有的公共卫生实验室响应计划中实施，有望彻底改变实验室提供细菌病原体进化，传播和毒力信息和证据的能力-这场革命正在启动“基因组流行病学”的新领域。版权所有（C）2013 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Laboratory methods that can unambiguously fingerprint pathogenic microbes are needed to investigate the transmission of human infectious diseases from diverse sources, such as from the community, from the environment, within hospitals, or from contaminated food or water sources. Public health investigations currently rely on laboratory subtyping methods that ultimately provide only a fraction of the total genetic information of a pathogen, and although there is widespread success using existing subtyping methods, they do not always provide sufficient evidence to link disease cases together into outbreaks or to link these human cases to the culprit source. Alternatively, whole-genome sequencing of bacterial pathogens provides an unabridged examination of the genetic content of individual pathogen isolates, enabling public health laboratories to benefit from comparative analyses of total genetic content. In this context, whole-genome sequencing represents the ultimate epidemiological typing method - a universally applicable, highly detailed typing platform capable of providing the entire genetic blueprint of a pathogen and distinguishing strains to the single nucleotide level. These new genomic methods, if implemented within existing public health laboratory response programs, promise to revolutionize the ability of the laboratory to provide information and evidence on the evolution, transmission and virulence for bacterial pathogens - and this revolution is launching the new field of 'genomic epidemiology'. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel