AGING EFFECTS ON PROTOTYPE ABSTRACTION AND CONCEPT-IDENTIFICATION
AGING EFFECTS ON PROTOTYPE ABSTRACTION AND CONCEPT-IDENTIFICATION
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DOI：
10.1093/geronj/41.2.214
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发表时间：
1986-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
SLAUGHTER, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HESS, TM;SLAUGHTER, SJ
原型抽象是一个自动的过程，不受年龄的影响，不同类型的概念学习的不同的年龄效应可以解释为不同的努力记忆过程参与的假设进行了检查。年轻人和老年人进行了比较原型抽象和概念识别的测试，并从这些任务和向后记忆广度的性能指标之间的关系进行了评估。在抽象任务中，两个年龄组都使用原型组织过程来构建传入的信息，但在原型构建中使用的信息的特异性方面确实存在年龄差异。然而，概念识别的表现随着年龄的增长而下降，老年人的较差表现与他们较差的记忆技能有关。结果表明，不同的老化效应与不同的概念技能测试是依赖于基本过程的性质。
The hypotheses that prototype abstraction is an automatic process unaffected by aging and that different aging effects associated with different types of concept learning can be accounted for by differential effortful memory process involvement were examined. Young and old adults were compared on tests of prototype abstraction and concept identification, and relationships between performance measures derived from these tasks and backward memory span were assessed. In the abstraction task, both age groups used prototypical organizational processes to structure incoming information, but age differences did exist in the specificity of the information used in prototype construction. Concept identification performance, however, declined with age, and the poorer performance of the old adults was related to their poorer memory skills. The results suggest that the different aging effects associated with different tests of conceptual skills are dependent upon the nature of the underlying processes.