Comparing annual and perennial energy cropping systems with different management intensities
Comparing annual and perennial energy cropping systems with different management intensities
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.agsy.2007.08.004
复制
发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Claupein, Wilhelm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boehmel, Constanze;Lewandowski, Iris;Claupein, Wilhelm
考虑到政治目标，可以预期，在欧洲，农业用地的能源生产将增加，需要改进其生产系统。因此，在德国西南部的一个地点进行了为期四年的田间试验，以比较和评估重要能源作物的生物量和能量产量表现。选择了六种有潜力为第一和第二基因口粮生物燃料生产生物质的能源种植系统。这些系统是短轮伐期杨柳矮林、芒草、柳枝稷、能源玉米和两种不同的作物轮作系统，包括冬油菜、冬小麦和冬小黑麦。这两种轮作系统分别在传统耕作和免耕土壤耕作系统中进行管理。第二个试验参数是三种不同的作物专用氮肥施用水平。通过测量生物量产量和计算能量产量以及通过能量平衡和氮收支来评估能量种植系统的性能。结果表明，一年生能源作物玉米在干物质产量（DMY）和一次净能量产量（PNEY =一次能量产量（DMY ×低热值）与能量消耗之差）方面表现出优越性，其峰值分别出现在最高施氮水平19.1 t DM ha（-1）a（-1）和350 GJ ha（-1）a（-1）。在最高施氮水平下，多年生作物产量最高的是芒草，DMY为18.1 t ha（-1）a（-1），PNEY为277 GJ ha（-1）a（-1），其次是杨柳，DMY为15.2 t ha（-1）a（-1），PNEY为258 GJ ha（-1）a（-1）。在多年生作物中，柳枝稷的产量最低，在最高施氮水平下为14.1 t ha（-1）a（-1）DMY。两种轮作制度的产量没有显著差异，在最高施氮水平下，粮食和秸秆的产量均为14.6 t ha（-1）a（-1）DMY。杨柳表现出最高的能量利用效率（产出（PNEY）：投入（能量消耗）比），在最低施氮水平（不施肥）下，每GJ化石能源投入的能量产出为99 GJ。两种轮作方式的能量利用效率最低，地上生物量生产效率为20 GJ（-1）。能量玉米的能量产量表现最好，但在相对较高的能量投入，而杨柳和芒草作为多年生能源作物联合收割机高产量与低投入。结果表明，免耕系统对生物量和能源产量没有负面影响，但也没有积极的节能影响。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Given the political targets, it can be expected that in Europe, energy production from agricultural land will increase and that improved systems for its production are needed. Therefore, a four year field trial was conducted on one site in south-western Germany to compare and evaluate the biomass and energy yield performance of important energy crops. Six energy cropping systems with the potential to produce biomass for first and second-gene ration biofuels were selected. The systems were short rotation willow coppice, miscanthus, switchgrass, energy maize and two different crop rotation systems including winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and winter triticale. The two crop rotation systems were managed in either conventional tillage or no-till soil cultivation systems. The second test parameter was three different crop-specific nitrogen application levels. The performance of the energy cropping systems was evaluated by measuring the biomass yields and calculating the energy yields, as well as through an energy balance and nitrogen budget. Results show the superiority of the annual energy crop maize in dry matter yield (DMY) and primary net energy yield (PNEY = difference between the primary energy yield (DMY x lower heating value) and the energy consumption) performance with peak values at the highest N-application level of 19.1 t DM ha(-1) a(-1) and 350 GJ ha(-1) a(-1) respectively. The highest yielding perennial crop was miscanthus with 18.1 t ha(-1) a(-1) DMY and a PNEY of 277 GJ ha(-1) a(-1), followed by willow with 15.2 t ha(-1) a(-1) and 258 GJ ha(-1) a(-1), at the highest N-application level. Switchgrass showed the lowest yields of the perennial crops with 14.1 t ha(-1) a(-1) DMY at the highest N-application level. The yields of the two crop rotation systems did not differ significantly and amounted to 14.6 t ha(-1) a(-1) DMY of both grain and straw at the highest N-application level. Willow showed the significantly highest energy use efficiency (output (PNEY):input (energy consumption)-ratio) with 99 GJ energy output per GJ fossil energy input at the lowest N-application level (no fertilizer). The two crop rotation systems had the lowest energy use efficiency with 20 GJ GJ(-1) for the production of total aboveground biomass. Energy maize gave the best energy yield performance but at a relatively high energy input, whereas willow and miscanthus as perennial energy crops combine high yields with low inputs. Results suggest that no-till systems had no negative impact on biomass and energy yields, but that there was also no positive impact on energy saving. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.