What does the cerebellum really do?
What does the cerebellum really do?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.009
复制
发表时间：
2007-10-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Glickstein, Mitch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glickstein, Mitch
小脑是所有脊椎动物大脑的很大一部分。在人类中，小脑约占大脑总重量的10%，但小脑皮层的小颗粒细胞密集堆积，因此小脑比大脑的其他部分包含更多的神经元。尽管在哺乳动物和鸟类中，它具有统一的细胞结构，但其各部分的相对大小却有很大的差异。在哺乳动物中，小脑可以大致分为三个旁矢状区；一条中线的蠕虫（拉丁语：蠕虫）和两个外侧半球。高等灵长类动物的大脑半球很大，人类的大脑半球也很大。由于人类和高等灵长类动物的小脑半球特别大，因此不时有人声称，小脑除了在运动控制方面发挥作用外，对认知功能也很重要，比如学习、注意力和语言。在这里，我回顾了一些支持和反对这种说法的证据。
The cerebellum is a large part of the brain in all vertebrates. In humans it constitutes about ten percent of the total brain weight, but the small granule cells of the cerebellar cortex are densely packed so that the cerebellum contains more neurons than all of the rest of the brain. Although it has a uniform cellular structure in mammals and birds, there is great variability in the relative size of its parts. In mammals the cerebellum can be roughly divided into three parasagittal divisions; a midline vermis (Latin: a worm) and two lateral hemispheres. The hemispheres are large in the higher primates and they are very large in the human brain. Because the cerebellar hemispheres are particularly large in humans and the higher primates, from time to time claims have been made that in addition to its role in motor control, the cerebellum is important for cognitive functions, such as learning, attention, and language. Here I review some of the evidence for and against that claim.