New Perspectives on DNA and RNA Triplexes As Effectors of Biological Activity.
New Perspectives on DNA and RNA Triplexes As Effectors of Biological Activity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005696
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Vasquez KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bacolla A;Wang G;Vasquez KM
自从第一次描述典型的B型DNA双螺旋以来，人们已经提出存在替代DNA、DNA-RNA和RNA结构，并作为功能性基因组元件。事实上，在过去的几年里，人们已经清楚地认识到，除了作为遗传信息的储存库之外，基因组DNA还通过采用不同于典型的右手双螺旋的构象以及通过与RNA分子相互作用形成复杂的二级结构来激发生物反应。本文综述了三链核酸的最新研究进展，重点是DNA-RNA和RNA-RNA相互作用。新的工作表明，非编码RNA和双链DNA之间的三链相互作用作为平台，提供位点特异性表观遗传标记的基因表达调控的关键。此外，越来越多的遗传和结构研究表明，三链RNA-RNA相互作用对于在细胞核蛋白复合物（包括剪接体和端粒酶）中执行催化和调节功能以及在程序性核糖体移码过程中实现蛋白质重新编码至关重要。因此，越来越多的证据表明，DNA和RNA三链体相互作用的实施，以执行一系列不同的生物活性在细胞中，其中一些将在本次审查中讨论。
Since the first description of the canonical B-form DNA double helix, it has been suggested that alternative DNA, DNA–RNA, and RNA structures exist and act as functional genomic elements. Indeed, over the past few years it has become clear that, in addition to serving as a repository for genetic information, genomic DNA elicits biological responses by adopting conformations that differ from the canonical right-handed double helix, and by interacting with RNA molecules to form complex secondary structures. This review focuses on recent advances on three-stranded (triplex) nucleic acids, with an emphasis on DNA–RNA and RNA–RNA interactions. Emerging work reveals that triplex interactions between noncoding RNAs and duplex DNA serve as platforms for delivering site-specific epigenetic marks critical for the regulation of gene expression. Additionally, an increasing body of genetic and structural studies demonstrates that triplex RNA–RNA interactions are essential for performing catalytic and regulatory functions in cellular nucleoprotein complexes, including spliceosomes and telomerases, and for enabling protein recoding during programmed ribosomal frameshifting. Thus, evidence is mounting that DNA and RNA triplex interactions are implemented to perform a range of diverse biological activities in the cell, some of which will be discussed in this review.