Natural dissemination of Bacillus anthracis spores in northern Canada
Natural dissemination of Bacillus anthracis spores in northern Canada
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.71.3.1610-1615.2005
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Woollen, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dragon, DC;Bader, DE;Woollen, N
土壤样本收集周围新鲜和岁的野牛尸体和地区不与已知的尸体在伍德布法罗国家公园在2001年夏天的炭疽热爆发。用网格进行的样本选择提供了最完整的现场覆盖范围。通过选择性培养、表型分析和PCR筛选土壤样品中的活炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子。从28.4%的样品中分离出炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子。最高浓度的B。炭疽孢子被发现直接靠近新鲜尸体，并且总是对应于土壤被体液浸透的位置，体液通过自然的身体孔口或被食腐动物撕裂的洞逸出尸体。大多数阳性样本都发现在2米的年龄和新鲜的尸体，并可能起源于食腐动物搅动和传播体液饱和的土壤，因为他们喂养。从尸体辐射的较小污染的痕迹可能是由于孢子传播通过粘附到食腐动物和通过较大的食腐动物拖走断肢。最低限度清除和完全尸检尸体部位的样本比较显示，B水平无统计学显著差异。炭疽孢子污染。因此，无论尸体的状况如何，疑似炭疽尸体周围的区域都应被视为受到严重污染。
Soil samples were collected from around fresh and year-old bison carcasses and areas not associated with known carcasses in Wood Buffalo National Park during an active anthrax outbreak in the summer of 2001. Sample selection with a grid provided the most complete coverage of a site. Soil samples were screened for viable Bacillus anthracis spores via selective culture, phenotypic analysis, and PCR. Bacillus anthracis spores were isolated from 28.4% of the samples. The highest concentrations of B. anthracis spores were found directly adjacent to fresh carcasses and invariably corresponded to locations where the soil had been saturated with body fluids escaping the carcass through either natural body orifices or holes torn by scavengers. The majority of positive samples were found within 2 m of both year-old and fresh carcasses and probably originated from scavengers churning up and spreading the body fluid-saturated soil as they fed. Trails of lesser contamination radiating from the carcasses probably resulted from spore dissemination through adhesion to scavengers and through larger scavengers dragging away disarticulated limbs. Comparison of samples from minimally scavenged and fully necropsied carcass sites revealed no statistically significant difference in the level of B. anthracis spore contamination. Therefore, the immediate area around a suspected anthrax carcass should be considered substantially contaminated regardless of the condition of the carcass.