Temporal Dynamics of Soil Virus and Bacterial Populations in Agricultural and Early Plant Successional Soils
Temporal Dynamics of Soil Virus and Bacterial Populations in Agricultural and Early Plant Successional Soils
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2020.01494
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发表时间：
2020-07-07
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Radosevich, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roy, Krishnakali;Ghosh, Dhritiman;Radosevich, Mark
正如在许多水生环境中所报道的那样，最近在陆地生态系统中的研究表明，病毒在塑造原核生物土壤群落的结构、功能和进化中扮演着重要角色。然而，考虑到土壤的异质性和物理限制(即孔道尺度的水文和噬菌体和宿主细胞的固相吸附)对病毒和细菌的移动性，噬菌体与宿主的相互作用可能不同于水生系统。本研究研究了不同土地管理措施下土壤中病毒和细菌种群动态的时间变化。结果表明，细菌丰度与病毒丰度和诱导前噬菌体丰度均呈显著正相关。细菌和病毒的丰度也与土壤有机碳和氮含量以及C/N比相关。病毒丰度的季节变异性随着土壤有机碳含量的增加而增加。原核生物群落结构受土地利用的影响比受季节变化的影响更大，但在植物演替和草地的早期位置有较大的变化。游离胞外病毒群落也因土地利用而分离，表现出最大季节变异性的森林土壤病毒群落与其他地点更不同。来自农业土壤的病毒组合显示出最小的季节变异性。可诱导的原噬菌体病毒组合也观察到了类似的模式。与土地利用和管理无关，丝裂霉素C(mitmycin-C，mitC)诱导的原噬菌体的病毒组合的季节性变异性大于细胞外病毒。综上所述，这些数据表明，土壤病毒的产生和衰退可能是平衡的，但有明确的证据表明，病毒组合的结构受到土地利用和季节的影响。
As reported in many aquatic environments, recent studies in terrestrial ecosystems implicate a role for viruses in shaping the structure, function, and evolution of prokaryotic soil communities. However, given the heterogeneity of soil and the physical constraints (i.e., pore-scale hydrology and solid-phase adsorption of phage and host cells) on the mobility of viruses and bacteria, phage-host interactions likely differ from those in aquatic systems. In this study, temporal changes in the population dynamics of viruses and bacteria in soils under different land management practices were examined. The results showed that bacterial abundance was significantly and positively correlated to both virus and inducible prophage abundance. Bacterial and viral abundance were also correlated with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content as well as with C:N ratio. The seasonal variability in viral abundance increased with soil organic carbon content. The prokaryotic community structure was influenced more by land use than by seasonal variation though considerable variation was evident in the early plant successional and grassland sites. The free extracellular viral communities were also separated by land use, and the forest soil viral assemblage exhibiting the most seasonal variability was more distinct from the other sites. Viral assemblages from the agricultural soils exhibited the least seasonal variability. Similar patterns were observed for inducible prophage viral assemblages. Seasonal variability of viral assemblages was greater in mitomycin-C (mitC) induced prophages than in extracellular viruses irrespective of land use and management. Taken together, the data suggest that soil viral production and decay are likely balanced but there was clear evidence that the structure of viral assemblages is influenced by land use and by season.