Structures of rhodopsin in complex with G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1.

Structures of rhodopsin in complex with G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1.
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与G蛋白偶联受体激酶1的复合物中的视紫红质结构。

DOI:
10.1038/s41586-021-03721-x
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发表时间:
2021-07
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Tesmer JJG
Tesmer JJG
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen Q;Plasencia M;Li Z;Mukherjee S;Patra D;Chen CL;Klose T;Yao XQ;Kossiakoff AA;Chang L;Andrews PC;Tesmer JJG

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G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 激酶 (GRK) 选择性磷酸化激活的 GPCR,从而启动它们脱敏。 GRK 如何识别这些受体尚有争议,但其 N 末端的保守区域对于这一过程至关重要。在此,我们报告了与视紫红质激酶(GRK1)结合的光激活视紫红质(Rho *)的一系列冷冻电镜单粒子重建,其中GRK1的N末端形成螺旋,对接入Rho *的开放细胞质裂隙。该螺旋还紧贴 GRK1 激酶结构域,使其稳定在活性配置中。大多数 GPCR 中保守的碱性残基与 GRK 中保守的酸性残基之间的静电相互作用进一步稳定了该复合物。未观察到 GRK1 的 G 蛋白信号同源结构域和视紫红质 C 末端调节因子的密度。交联质谱分析证实了这些结果,并有助于解释 GRK 与激活的 GPCR 的对接如何实现多个位点的磷酸化。我们鉴定了 GRK1 残基,其突变增强了激酶活性并与 Rho* 交联,以及那些参与酸性磷脂激活的残基。根据这些数据,我们提出了一个通用模型,说明一小群蛋白激酶如何识别数百种不同的 GPCR 并被其激活。
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) selectively phosphorylate activated GPCRs, priming them for desensitization. How GRKs recognize these receptors is debated, but a conserved region at their N-termini is essential for this process. Herein we report a series of cryo-EM single particle reconstructions of light activated rhodopsin (Rho*) bound to rhodopsin kinase (GRK1), wherein the N-terminus of GRK1 forms a helix that docks into the open cytoplasmic cleft of Rho*. The helix also packs against the GRK1 kinase domain, stabilizing it in an active configuration. The complex is further stabilized by electrostatic interactions between basic residues conserved in most GPCRs and acidic residues conserved in GRKs. Density for the regulator of G protein signaling homology domain of GRK1 and the C-terminus of rhodopsin are not observed. Crosslinking with mass spectrometry analysis confirms these results and helps explain how the docking of GRKs with activated GPCRs allows for phosphorylation of multiple sites. We identify GRK1 residues whose mutation augments kinase activity and crosslinking with Rho*, as well as those involved in activation by acidic phospholipids. From these data, we present a general model for how a small family of protein kinases can recognize and be activated by hundreds of different GPCRs.
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