The cost of health professionals' brain drain in Kenya
The cost of health professionals' brain drain in Kenya
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DOI：
10.1186/1472-6963-6-89
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发表时间：
2006-07-17
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Seddoh, Anthony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kirigia, Joses Muthuri;Gbary, Akpa Raphael;Seddoh, Anthony
背景：过去估计移徙成本的尝试仅限于教育成本，不包括投资收益损失。这项研究的目的是：㈠估计肯尼亚医生移民到联合王国和美利坚合众国的经济成本; ㈡估计护士移民到七个经合组织国家的经济成本（加拿大、丹麦、芬兰、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、联合王国、美国）;（三）说明人才外流造成的其他损失。小学、中学、医学院和护士学校的费用是在2005年估算的。本研究中使用的成本信息来自肯尼亚的一所非营利性中小学和一所公立大学。费用估计数为无补贴费用。肯尼亚因移民造成的损失是将移民的平均年龄从2000年到2005年这段时间内教育一名医生和一名护士的费用加在一起得出的。（30岁）和退休年龄结果：一名医生从小学到大学的教育总费用为65 997美元;每有一名医生移民，一个国家就损失了价值517，931美元的投资回报。一名护士从小学到保健学院的教育总费用为43 180美元;每有一名护士移民国外，一个国家就损失约338 868美元的投资回报，结论：发达国家继续剥夺肯尼亚在保健人力资源方面价值数百万美元的投资。如果不遏制目前从肯尼亚挖走稀缺的卫生人力资源（和其他专业人员）的趋势，实现千年发展目标的机会将依然渺茫。这种对人力资源投资的持续掠夺使肯尼亚更加不发达，并使肯尼亚大多数人民陷入健康不良和贫穷的恶性循环。因此，发达国家和发展中国家都需要紧急制定和执行战略，解决卫生人力资源危机。
Background: Past attempts to estimate the cost of migration were limited to education costs only and did not include the lost returns from investment. The objectives of this study were: (i) to estimate the financial cost of emigration of Kenyan doctors to the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America ( USA); (ii) to estimate the financial cost of emigration of nurses to seven OECD countries ( Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Portugal, UK, USA); and (iii) to describe other losses from brain drain.Methods: The costs of primary, secondary, medical and nursing schools were estimated in 2005. The cost information used in this study was obtained from one non-profit primary and secondary school and one public university in Kenya. The cost estimates represent unsubsidized cost. The loss incurred by Kenya through emigration was obtained by compounding the cost of educating a medical doctor and a nurse over the period between the average age of emigration ( 30 years) and the age of retirement ( 62 years) in recipient countries.Results: The total cost of educating a single medical doctor from primary school to university is US$ 65,997; and for every doctor who emigrates, a country loses about US$ 517,931 worth of returns from investment. The total cost of educating one nurse from primary school to college of health sciences is US$ 43,180; and for every nurse that emigrates, a country loses about US$ 338,868 worth of returns from investment.Conclusion: Developed countries continue to deprive Kenya of millions of dollars worth of investments embodied in her human resources for health. If the current trend of poaching of scarce human resources for health ( and other professionals) from Kenya is not curtailed, the chances of achieving the Millennium Development Goals would remain bleak. Such continued plunder of investments embodied in human resources contributes to further underdevelopment of Kenya and to keeping a majority of her people in the vicious circle of ill-health and poverty. Therefore, both developed and developing countries need to urgently develop and implement strategies for addressing the health human resource crisis.