Measuring Human Water Needs
Measuring Human Water Needs
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ajhb.23350
复制
发表时间：
2019-11-08
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Brewis, Alexandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wutich, Amber;Rosinger, Asher Y.;Brewis, Alexandra
水连接着环境、文化和生物学，但直到最近才成为人类生物学研究的主要焦点。为了促进这样的研究，我们描述的方法来衡量生物，环境和人类水需求的感知指标。该工具包概述了评估人类水需求不同方面的方法，既有成熟的，也有新开发的。其中包括：（a）水合作用标志物（例如，尿比重、双标记水）对于测量水需求对人类生物功能的影响是重要的;（B）测量水质的方法（例如，数字比色计、膜过滤），对于了解与接触微生物、有机物、金属、无机非金属和其他污染物相关的健康风险至关重要;以及（c）家庭水不安全状况评估，跟踪与人类健康和生物学直接相关的未满足水需求的各个方面（例如，供水服务不足、负担不起以及水不安全的经历）。总之，这些方法可以推动关于水在人类生物学和健康中的作用的新研究，包括不充足，不安全或不安全的水产生负面生物和健康结果的方式。
Water connects the environment, culture, and biology, yet only recently has it emerged as a major focus for research in human biology. To facilitate such research, we describe methods to measure biological, environmental, and perceptual indicators of human water needs. This toolkit provides an overview of methods for assessing different dimensions of human water need, both well-established and newly-developed. These include: (a) markers of hydration (eg, urine specific gravity, doubly labeled water) important for measuring the impacts of water need on human biological functioning; (b) methods for measuring water quality (eg, digital colorimeter, membrane filtration) essential for understanding the health risks associated with exposure to microbiological, organic, metal, inorganic nonmental, and other contaminants; and (c) assessments of household water insecurity status that track aspects of unmet water needs (eg, inadequate water service, unaffordability, and experiences of water insecurity) that are directly relevant to human health and biology. Together, these methods can advance new research about the role of water in human biology and health, including the ways that insufficient, unsafe, or insecure water produces negative biological and health outcomes.