Characteristics of cattle farming systems in Sri Lanka
Characteristics of cattle farming systems in Sri Lanka
复制标题
斯里兰卡养牛系统的特点
DOI：
10.4038/jnsfsr.v25i1.5016
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
W. Jayathilaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Abeygunawardena;D. Rathnayaka;W. Jayathilaka
进行了实地调查，同时审查了次级数据，以增进对斯里兰卡牛生产系统的了解。该国的农用地面积为190万公顷，其中75%由小农户使用。小型农场的总数约为180万，其中90%以上的面积小于2公顷，三分之一从事农作物-畜牧业。牛的数量分别为170万头和65%，其中19%和16%分别出现在干旱、中等和潮湿地区，主要由小农饲养。实地调查表明，黄牛群体由本地泽布、外来泽布、斑马花、外来牛、金牛和金牛杂交组成。确定了四个不同的生产系统：1.旱地传统村落系统(DTVS)；2.旱地灌溉聚落系统(DIS)；3.中间带系统(IS)；4.湿地系统(WS)。最普遍的制度是直接放牧制度，在这种制度下，以最少的投入在公共牧场上饲养主要是土著起源的泽布牛。农民的主要收入来自肉类(45%)，牛奶、粪便和草料分别占34%、12%和9%。在DISS中，奶牛类型的小动物群得到了密集的维护。牛奶是主要收入来源(52%)，肉类、饲料和粪便分别占21%、21%和6%。在IS中，泽布和牛磺酸杂交是半集中维持的。主要收入来自牛奶(67%)；肉类、粪便和草料分别占13%、11%和995%。在WS中，牛磺酸奶牛被集中饲养。牛奶占收入的91%，肉类、肥料和草料分别占4%、4%和1%。这项研究表明，该国的牛生产系统是不同的，每个系统的可持续性和生产力都有特定的影响因素。
A field survey along with a review of secondary data were conducted to improve understanding on cattle production systems in Sri Lanka. The extent of agricultural land in the country is 1.9 million hectares and 75% of this is used by small holders. The total number of small holdings is about 1.8 million and more than 90% are less than 2 hectares in extent and one third engage in crop- livestock farming. The cattle population is 1.7 million and 65%, 19% and 16% are found in the dry, intermediate and wet zones, respectively and are reared primarily by small-holder fanners. The field survey revealed that cattle popula- tion consisted of indigenous zebu, exotic zebu, zebucrosses, exoticBos taurus and taurus crosses. Four distinct production systems were identified: 1. dry zone traditional village system (DTVS); 2. dry zone irrigated settlement system (DISS); 3. intermediate zone system (IS) and 4. wet zone system (WS). Most prevalent system was DTVS where zebu cattle of mostly indigenous origin were maintained on communal grazing lands with minimal inputs. Primary income of farmers was from meat (45%) while milk, manure and draught contributed 34%, 12% and 9%, respectively. In DISS small herds of dairy type zebu animals were maintained intensively. Milk brought the major income (52%) while meat, draught and manure contributed, 21%, 21% and 6%, respectively. In the IS zebu and taurine crosses were maintained semi-intensively. Primary income was from milk (67%); meat, manure and draught contributed 13%, 11% and 995, respectively. In WS taurine dairy cows were maintained intensively. Milk brought 91% of the income while meat, manure and draught contributed 4%, 4% and 1%, respectively. This study showed that cattle production systems in the country are heterogeneous with specific factors affecting the sustainability and productivity of each system.