Water Quantity and Quality Change of Ulungur Lake and Its Environmental Effects
Water Quantity and Quality Change of Ulungur Lake and Its Environmental Effects
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Zeng Hai-ao
中科院分区：
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作者：
Zeng Hai-ao
2008年对乌伦古湖进行了全面的水质水量和水生生物资源调查，获得了有关水质水量的基础数据，在此基础上对近60年来湖泊环境变化进行了初步分析，根据区域气候和人类活动模式的变化，乌伦古湖环境变化可分为四个时期，第一时期1956年以前乌伦古湖处于以乌伦古河为主要补给源的自然状态，第二个时期是1956 ~ 1970年，人类活动强度迅速增加，由于流域耗水导致湖泊输入量减少，湖泊水量的波动主要受气候变化的控制1970 ~ 1995年为湖泊环境变化的第三阶段，除流域开发用水外，这一时期湖泊水位的变化还与人类挖渠、筑坝等活动有关; 1995年以来的第四阶段，湖泊水位的变化主要受流域开发用水的影响。由于水利工程运行顺利，区域气候适宜，湖泊环境变化相对稳定，近期气候干旱导致乌伦古河径流量迅速减少，甚至出现零流量，导致乌伦古湖水回流至吉利湖，加剧了湖泊水环境退化和流域荒漠化。结果表明，除河流入湖量增加外，保持90年代湖泊水环境的稳定，很大程度上取决于对工农业用水的科学评价和优化调度在目前的气候条件下。
A comprehensive survey of water quality and quantity and aquatic biological resources was conducted in Ulungur Lake in 2008,and then,the basic data about water quality and quantity were obtained.On this basis,a preliminary analysis was carried out on lake environmental change in the last 60 years.According to the changes of regional climate and human activity patterns,the Ulungur Lake environmental change can be divided into four periods.In the first period before 1956,Ulungur Lake was in the natural state with Ulungur River as the main supply,and its water fluctuation was controlled by the climate change.The second period was from 1956 to 1970 with the rapid increase in intensity of human activities.Because of the lake input amount reduction induced by water consumption of the drainage exploitation,there had been a steady decline in the lake water level.The period from 1970 to 1995 was the third stage in lake environmental change.Besides the water consumption in the drainage area exploitation,the water level fluctuation was also related to other human activities such as digging canals and building dams during this period of time.In the fourth period since 1995,because water conservancy projects ran smoothly and regional climate was suitable,the lake environmental change was relatively stable.Recently,the runoff of Ulungur River decreased rapidly and even had a zero flow due to the arid climate,which caused Ulungur Lake water to flow back into Jili Lake,and aggravated lake water environmental degeneration and catchment's desertification.The results indicate,apart from the increase in river inflow,maintaining the lake water environment a stable state in the 1990s depends largely on scientific evaluation and optimizing regulation of industrial and agricultural water consumption at the present climate condition.