Effectiveness of social host and fake identification laws on reducing underage drinking driver fatal crashes.
Effectiveness of social host and fake identification laws on reducing underage drinking driver fatal crashes.
复制标题
社交主机和虚假身份识别法在减少未成年酒驾司机致命事故方面的有效性。
DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2014.928929
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Voas,RobertB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fell,JamesC;Scherer,Michael;Thomas,Sue;Voas,RobertB
目的：公众普遍认为美国的最低法定饮酒年龄21岁（MLDA-21）立法体现在单一法律中，因此所有州都有相同的法律。实际上，MLDA-21州法律由支持核心MLDA-21法律的多个条款组成，并包括一系列旨在控制未成年人饮酒和未成年人酒后驾驶的政策。由于社交主机和假身份法最近引起了各州政策制定者的兴趣，因此本研究旨在确定其有效性。方法：利用酒精政策信息系统（APIS）、药物滥用和精神卫生服务管理局（SAMHSA） 2011年向国会提交的预防和减少未成年人饮酒报告以及法律研究工具，记录了2类社会接待法和3类假身份法的生效日期。这些法律包括社会宿主禁令（SHPs）和社会宿主民事责任（SHCL），虚假身份证明（FID）的使用，零售商对FID的支持以及FID的转让/生产。我们使用1982年至2010年的死亡分析报告系统（FARS）数据集，采用前后设计来评估这5项法律对未成年人酒后驾驶致命车祸的影响。数据分析使用结构方程模型（SEM）控制尽可能多的变量。结果：对于那些年龄小于21岁的司机，在各州采用这些法律后，FID供应商法律与FARS比率显著降低相关（- 1.0%，P= 0.030）。结论：在美国，24个州通过了FID供应商法，估计每年挽救了14人的生命。如果其他州采用这一法律，还可以挽救16条生命。FID供应商法禁止生产FID或将ID或FID转让给他人。法律越严格（例如，一个州是否只禁止一种元素[较弱的法律]，而不是同时禁止转让和制造FID[较强的]），就越能有效地阻止向未成年人提供FID。没有FID供应商法律的国家应该考虑采用这些法律。
Objective:The public generally assumes that the minimum legal drinking age of 21 (MLDA-21) legislation in the United States is embodied in a single law and therefore all states have the same law. Actually, the MLDA-21 state laws consist of multiple provisions that support the core MLDA-21 laws and include a family of policies directed at controlling underage drinking and underage drinking and driving. Because social host and fake identification laws have recently garnered interest by policy makers in the states, this study was designed to determine their effectiveness.Methods:The effective dates for 2 types of social host laws and 3 fake identification laws were documented using the Alcohol Policy Information System (APIS), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) 2011Report to Congress on the Prevention and Reduction of Underage Drinking, and legal research tools. These laws include social host prohibitions (SHPs) and social host civil liability (SHCL), the use of fake identification (FID), retailer support for FID, and transfer/production of FID. We used a pre–post design to evaluate the influence on underage drinking-and-driving fatal crashes of these 5 laws using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data set for the years 1982 through 2010. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) controlling for as many variables as possible.Results:For those drivers younger than aged 21 years, FID supplier laws were associated with significant decreases in FARS ratios after states adopted these laws (−1.0%,P=.030).Conclusions:The 24 states that have adopted FID supplier laws are saving an estimated 14 lives per year in the United States. An additional 16 lives could be saved if the remaining states adopted this law. FID supplier laws prohibit the production of a FID or transfer of an ID or FID to another person. The more stringent the law (i.e., whether a state prohibits only one element [weaker law] compared to both transferring and manufacturing a FID [stronger]) the more effective a deterrent it becomes to supplying a minor with a FID. States without FID supplier laws should consider adopting them.