Economic Context and HIV Vulnerability in Adolescents and Young Adults Living in Urban Slums in Kenya: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Scarcity Theory.
Economic Context and HIV Vulnerability in Adolescents and Young Adults Living in Urban Slums in Kenya: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Scarcity Theory.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10461-017-1676-y
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Kerrigan DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jennings L;Mathai M;Linnemayr S;Trujillo A;Mak'anyengo M;Montgomery BEE;Kerrigan DL
与农村和非贫民窟的城市青年相比，城市贫民窟青少年和青壮年的艾滋病毒感染率高得不成比例。然而，很少有研究调查了青年对艾滋病毒的经济驱动因素的看法。在传统经济学和行为经济学的基础上，我们运用稀缺性理论框架定性地研究了贫困如何影响青少年和年轻人的性风险行为。对肯尼亚城市贫民窟120名青年的焦点小组讨论进行了转录、编码，并使用解释现象学进行了分析。结果表明，从传统经济学的角度来看，贫民窟青年做出了许多被认为是理性的性决定，例如在资源可用时获得更多的性行为，通过性行为实现财富最大化，对避孕套或检测服务的价格敏感，以及在避免不良性后果时承担更多风险。青少年从事有风险的性行为也受到行为经济学解释的稀缺性现象的推动，例如在稀缺时期补偿失去的性行为（寻求风险），重视经济收益而不是艾滋病毒风险（隧道，带宽税），以及将性交易作为一种投资策略（内部参考）。当稀缺性得到缓解时，年轻女性会进一步减少性伴侣的数量，以解释非经济偏好（松弛）。预防战略应处理艾滋病毒流行病的传统和行为经济学问题。
Urban slum adolescents and young adults have disproportionately high rates of HIV compared to rural and non-slum urban youth. Yet, few studies have examined youth’s perceptions of the economic drivers of HIV. Informed by traditional and behavioral economics, we applied a scarcity theoretical framework to qualitatively examine how poverty influences sexual risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Focus group discussions with one hundred twenty youth in Kenyan’s urban slums were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using interpretive phenomenology. Results indicated that slum youth made many sexual decisions considered rational from a traditional economics perspective, such as acquiring more sex when resources were available, maximizing wealth through sex, being price-sensitive to costs of condoms or testing services, and taking more risks when protected from adverse sexual consequences. Youth’s engagement in sexual risk behaviors was also motivated by scarcity phenomena explained by behavioral economics, such as compensating for sex lost during scarce periods (risk-seeking), valuing economic gains over HIV risks (tunneling, bandwidth tax), and transacting sex as an investment strategy (internal referencing). When scarcity was alleviated, young women additionally described reducing the number of sex partners to account for non-economic preferences (slack). Prevention strategies should address the traditional and behavioral economics of the HIV epidemic.
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jiu493
发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
The Journal of infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Elmes J;Nhongo K;Ward H;Hallett T;Nyamukapa C;White PJ;Gregson S
通讯作者：
Gregson S
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Griskevicius, Vladas;Ackerman, Joshua M.;Tybur, Joshua M.
通讯作者：
Tybur, Joshua M.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Collins, Daryl L.;Leibbrandt, Murray
通讯作者：
Leibbrandt, Murray
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Chen, Yea-Hung;McFarland, Willi;Raymond, H. Fisher
通讯作者：
Raymond, H. Fisher
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Gu, Jing;Chen, Hongyao;Li, Zhenglin
通讯作者：
Li, Zhenglin