Evaluation of a snow avalanche possibly triggered by a local earthquake at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland
Evaluation of a snow avalanche possibly triggered by a local earthquake at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland
复制标题
对瑞士Vallée de la Sionne当地地震可能引发的雪崩的评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.07.007
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Pérez-Guillén C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pérez-Guillén C
雪崩是次声和地震能量的移动源。它们可以由许多不同的机制触发，包括地震产生的震动。地震引起的力会导致斜坡荷载的增加，也会降低抗剪强度，这两种影响都可能导致雪崩的释放。2010年12月6日，在瑞士的西翁河谷（VDLS）实验场发生了一场ML3.1级地震，震源位于法国，距离雪崩发生地约43公里，几秒钟后，就发生了雪崩。由地震和雪崩产生的地震和次声信号由安装在VDLS的传感器阵列记录。本文通过对这些资料的分析，认为这次雪崩很可能是由地震引起的。这种分析还使我们能够确定雪崩的特征（类型和路径）。次声数据显示，雪崩释放的时间与地震的地震波到达时间一致。我们计算了在雪崩释放区测得的地面振动参数（PGD，PGV，PGA，PSA，Ia和TD）的值，并将它们与其他两次未触发雪崩的地震进行了比较。为了评估积雪地层与地震触发雪崩的有效性的影响，我们模拟积雪使用一维积雪模型SNOWPACK。这些事件发生的日子的天气和积雪条件进行比较，并用于评估积雪的稳定性和随之而来的雪崩活动的可能性。积雪的稳定性是决定小地震是否会引发雪崩的主要因素。我们的结论是，当积雪只是勉强稳定，那么即使是一个小地震造成的位移可能足以引发雪崩。此外，对另外两次更强烈的地震的分析表明，在稳定的条件下，没有引发雪崩。
Snow avalanches are moving sources of infrasonic and seismic energy. They can be triggered by many different mechanisms that include the shaking produced by earthquakes. The forces induced by an earthquake can cause an increase in the load down the slope and can also decrease the shear strength and both effects can cause the release of an avalanche. This phenomenon represents an important hazard associated with earthquakes in snow-covered mountain areas with high seismicity.On 6 December 2010 a snow avalanche was released at the experimental site of Vallée de la Sionne (VDLS) in Switzerland seconds after a local earthquake of magnitude ML3.1 with the hypocenter in France, approximately 43 km from the avalanche starting zone. The seismic and infrasound signals generated by the earthquake and the snow avalanche were recorded by an array of sensors installed at VDLS. This paper analyses these data and shows that the avalanche was possibly triggered by the earthquake. This analysis also allows us to determine the characteristics of the avalanche (type and path). The infrasound data shows that the time of the avalanche release coincided with the arrival of the seismic waves of the earthquake. We calculate the values of the ground vibration parameters (PGD, PGV, PGA, PSA, Iaand TD) measured at the release area of the avalanche and compare them with those of two other earthquakes that did not trigger an avalanche. To evaluate the influence of the snowpack stratigraphy with the effectiveness of the earthquakes to trigger an avalanche, we simulate the snow cover using the one-dimensional snow cover model SNOWPACK. The weather and snow cover conditions of the days on which these events occurred are compared and used to evaluate the snowpack stability and the consequent likelihood of avalanche activity. The snowpack stability is the primary factor that determines whether an avalanche may be triggered by minor earthquakes. We conclude that when the snowpack is only marginally stable then the displacement caused by even a small earthquake could be enough to trigger an avalanche. Furthermore, the analysis of the other two, even stronger, earthquakes shows that in stable conditions no avalanche was triggered.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Biescas;F. Dufour;G. Furdada;G. Khazaradze;E. Suriñach
通讯作者：
E. Suriñach
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Mcclung
通讯作者：
D. Mcclung
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Kogelnig, A.;Surinach, E.;Dufour, F.
通讯作者：
Dufour, F.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Chernouss;Y. Fedorenko;E. Mokrov;N. Barashev
通讯作者：
N. Barashev
使用地震阵列监测雪崩：位置、速度估计以及与气象变量的关系
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Lacroix;J. grasso;J. Roulle;G. Giraud;D. Goetz;S. Morin;A. Helmstetter
通讯作者：
A. Helmstetter