Disinfection exhibits systematic impacts on the drinking water microbiome
Disinfection exhibits systematic impacts on the drinking water microbiome
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-020-00813-0
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发表时间：
2020-03-20
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Pinto, Ameet J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai, Zihan;Sevillano-Rivera, Maria C.;Pinto, Ameet J.
在饮用水分配过程中，通过保持消毒剂残留或通过不使用消毒剂的营养限制来限制微生物的生长。这些对比方法对饮用水微生物组的影响还没有系统地了解。我们使用基因组解析宏基因组学来比较多个全面消毒和非消毒饮用水系统中散装饮用水微生物组样本的结构、代谢特征和种群基因组。微生物群落根据消毒剂残留的存在与否在结构和功能潜力水平上聚集。尽管包括具有不同源水和源水群落和处理策略的多个饮用水系统，但仅消毒剂残留就分别解释了17%和6.5%的饮用水微生物组结构和功能潜力差异。与非消毒系统相比，消毒后的饮用水微生物组在结构和功能上的多样性和可变性较低。而细菌是最丰富的领域，古细菌和真核生物更丰富，分别在未消毒和消毒系统。社区水平的功能电位差异是由未消毒系统中与碳和氮固定相关的基因富集和消毒系统中可能与氨基酸再循环相关的γ -氨基丁酸代谢驱动的。对一组系统发育相关微生物的基因组水平分析表明，消毒选择能够利用脂肪酸的微生物，可能来自微生物腐烂产物，通过乙醛酸循环。总的来说，我们发现消毒对饮用水微生物组表现出系统的选择压力，并可能选择能够利用源自消毒灭活微生物的微生物腐烂产物的微生物。
Limiting microbial growth during drinking water distribution is achieved either by maintaining a disinfectant residual or through nutrient limitation without using a disinfectant. The impact of these contrasting approaches on the drinking water microbiome is not systematically understood. We use genome-resolved metagenomics to compare the structure, metabolic traits, and population genomes of drinking water microbiome samples from bulk drinking water across multiple full-scale disinfected and non-disinfected drinking water systems. Microbial communities cluster at the structural- and functional potential-level based on the presence/absence of a disinfectant residual. Disinfectant residual alone explained 17 and 6.5% of the variance in structure and functional potential of the drinking water microbiome, respectively, despite including multiple drinking water systems with variable source waters and source water communities and treatment strategies. The drinking water microbiome is structurally and functionally less diverse and variable across disinfected compared to non-disinfected systems. While bacteria were the most abundant domain, archaea and eukaryota were more abundant in non-disinfected and disinfected systems, respectively. Community-level differences in functional potential were driven by enrichment of genes associated with carbon and nitrogen fixation in non-disinfected systems and gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism in disinfected systems likely associated with the recycling of amino acids. Genome-level analyses for a subset of phylogenetically-related microorganisms suggests that disinfection selects for microorganisms capable of using fatty acids, presumably from microbial decay products, via the glyoxylate cycle. Overall, we find that disinfection exhibits systematic selective pressures on the drinking water microbiome and may select for microorganisms able to utilize microbial decay products originating from disinfection-inactivated microorganisms.