Cartography, Criteria, and Labeling
Cartography, Criteria, and Labeling
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制图、标准和标签
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210588.003.0017
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Rizzi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Rizzi
在经典的X-bar理论中，范畴的标签是由X-bar图式决定的：一个中心语进入句法会自动产生它自己的投影。在一个基于合并的系统中，问题是如何将标签分配给合并创建的新节点;如果系统受到包容性条件的约束（Chomsky 1995），则标签必须来自进行合并的两个元素之一（最终，来自它们组成的词汇项）。因此，需要一种标记算法。最近的研究表明，该算法可以提供一个重要的新工具，以原则性的方式重新审视旧的问题，并产生新的分析路径（Chomsky 2008，2013; Cecchetto和Donati 2010）。在本文中，我将探讨标签算法的标准系统（Rizzi 1991，1997，2011）的后果。特别是，我将采用Chomsky（2013）中介绍的算法，提出一种特殊的形式化，并使用它来捕捉当短语到达专用于范围话语语义属性的位置时观察到的冻结效果（“critical freezing”：Rizzi 2006，2011）。这里的中心目标是探索的可能性，标签可能提供一个全面的解决方案，什么可能被称为“停止问题”的wh-运动，实际上是所有种类的短语运动：为什么它是连续移动的元素必须通过某些位置没有停止，必须停止在某些其他位置？乔姆斯基的分析为第一个问题提供了答案;我将尝试解决第二个问题，并追溯到标记在标准位置观察到的冻结效应。这也需要对裸短语结构的基本属性进行一些改进。
In classical X-bar theory, labels of categories were determined by the X-bar schema: A head entering syntax would automatically generate its own projection. In a Merge-based system, the question arises of how the label is assigned to the new node created by Merge; if the system is constrained by the Inclusiveness condition (Chomsky 1995), the label must come from one of the two elements undergoing Merge (and, ultimately, from the lexical items that they consist of). So, a labeling algorithm is needed. Recent research suggests that the algorithm may provide an important new tool to revisit old problems in a principled way, and to generate new analytic paths (Chomsky 2008, 2013; Cecchetto and Donati 2010).In this paper I will explore the consequences of a labeling algorithm for the system of Criteria (Rizzi 1991, 1997, 2011). In particular, I will adopt the algorithm introduced in Chomsky (2013), propose a particular formalization for it, and use it to capture the freezing effects that are observed when a phrase reaches a position dedicated to a scope-discourse semantic property (“criterial freezing”: Rizzi 2006, 2011). The central goal here is to explore the possibility that labeling may provide a comprehensive solution to what may be called “the halting problem” for wh-movement, and in fact for all kinds of phrasal movement: why is it that the element moved successive-cyclically must pass through certain positions without stopping and must stop in certain other positions? Chomsky’s analysis provides an answer to the first question; I will try to address the second question, and trace back to labeling the freezing effects observed in criterial positions. This will also require some refinements of the basic properties of Bare Phrase Structure.