Influence of the zona pellucida of the mouse egg on folliculogenesis and fertility
Influence of the zona pellucida of the mouse egg on folliculogenesis and fertility
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DOI：
10.1387/ijdb.120136pw
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Litscher, Eveline S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wassarman, Paul M.;Litscher, Eveline S.
所有哺乳动物的卵都被一层相对较厚的细胞外外壳所包围，称为透明带(ZP)，在卵子发生、受精和着床前发育过程中起着至关重要的作用。小鼠卵透明带由三种糖蛋白组成，称为mZP1-3，仅由卵母细胞在2至3周的生长阶段合成。ZP最初被认为是新生ZP纤维的孤立细胞外沉积，结合形成增厚的基质。通过定向突变消除ZP糖蛋白合成产生的小鼠是零突变的杂合子或纯合子。纯合子空雄性不受突变的影响，杂合子雌性与野生型雌性一样具有生育能力。另一方面，来自mZP2-/-和mZP3-/-雌性的卵子缺乏ZP，小鼠完全不育，因为它们输卵管中的排卵卵数量严重减少。在纯合子缺失的女性中，卵巢卵泡发育缓慢，表现为卵巢重量、Graafian卵泡数量和排卵数的减少。来自mZP1-/-雌性的卵子具有扭曲的ZP，尽管小鼠可以生育，但由于早期胚胎丧失，它们的生育力降低。ZP生物发生、卵泡发生和生育之间的潜在关系也被提及。
All mammalian eggs are surrounded by a relatively thick extracellular coat, called the zona pellucida (ZP), that plays vital roles during oogenesis, fertilization, and preimplantation development.The mouse egg ZP consists of three glycoproteins, called mZP1-3, that are synthesized solely by oocytes during their 2-to-3 week growth phase. The ZP is seen initially as isolated extracellular deposits of nascent ZP fibrils that coalesce to form a thickening matrix. Elimination of ZP glycoprotein synthesis by targeted mutagenesis yields mice that are heterozygous or homozygous for the null mutations. Homozygous null males are unaffected by the mutations and heterozygous females are as fertile as wild-type females. On the other hand, eggs from mZP2-/- and mZP3-/- females lack a ZP and the mice are completely infertile due to a severely reduced number of ovulated eggs in their oviducts. Development of ovarian follicles is retarded in homozygous null females and manifested as reduced ovarian weight, number of Graafian follicles, and number of ovulated eggs. Eggs from mZP1-/- females have a distorted ZP and, although the mice are fertile, they exhibit reduced fertility due to early embryonic loss. Potential relationships between ZP biogenesis, folliculogenesis, and fertility are addressed.