Managing resilience to reverse phase shifts in coral reefs
Managing resilience to reverse phase shifts in coral reefs
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DOI：
10.1890/120305
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Nystrom, Magnus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graham, Nicholas A. J.;Bellwood, David R.;Nystrom, Magnus
珊瑚占主导地位的珊瑚礁生态系统和退化的珊瑚礁生态系统都可以抵制变化。通常，研究和管理的重点是维持珊瑚的主导地位并避免向其他物种组成的阶段转变，而不是削弱已经退化的珊瑚礁的恢复力以重新建立珊瑚的主导地位。扭转退化的珊瑚礁状态将涉及减少当地的慢性驱动因素，如捕鱼压力和水质差。逆转还需要管理关键的生态过程-例如海洋食草动物的不同功能群体所进行的过程-这些过程既削弱了退化状态的复原力，又加强了珊瑚占主导地位的状态。如果人类的有害影响减少，关键的生态过程得到加强，极端天气事件等脉冲干扰和生态变异可能为恢复珊瑚主导的状态提供机会。至关重要的是，要实现这些成果，就必须采取各种综合办法，改变人类与珊瑚礁生态系统的相互作用。
Both coral-dominated and degraded reef ecosystems can be resistant to change. Typically, research and management have focused on maintaining coral dominance and avoiding phase shifts to other species compositions, rather than on weakening the resilience of already degraded reefs to re-establish coral dominance. Reversing degraded coral-reef states will involve reducing local chronic drivers like fishing pressure and poor water quality. Reversals will also require management of key ecological processes - such as those performed by different functional groups of marine herbivores - that both weaken the resilience of the degraded state and strengthen the coral-dominated state. If detrimental human impacts are reduced and key ecological processes are enhanced, pulse disturbances, such as extreme weather events, and ecological variability may provide opportunities for a return to a coral-dominated state. Critically, achieving these outcomes will necessitate a diverse range of integrated approaches to alter human interactions with reef ecosystems.