The Futility of Economic Sanctions as an Instrument of National Power in the 21st Century.
The Futility of Economic Sanctions as an Instrument of National Power in the 21st Century.
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经济制裁作为 21 世纪国家权力工具的徒劳。
DOI：
10.21236/ada343749
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
George T. Doran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
George T. Doran
摘要：几个世纪以来，经济制裁一直被用作战争工具，并取得了一些显着的成功，例如南非种族隔离制度的废除。然而如今，由于多种原因，它们的有效性正在减弱。本文的目的是表明经济制裁不再是国家权力的有效工具。许多成为制裁目标的国家，例如古巴和伊朗，都能够承受美国实施的制裁，而且尽管如此，它们确实已经开始以令人印象深刻的速度增长。每当考虑实施制裁时，如果没有世界各国的合作，制裁的效果就会严重降低。计算机的出现、光速通信网络、巨型跨国公司以及银行网络的扩散正在使现代国家免受经济攻击。随着世界从工业时代进入信息时代，作为四大国力工具一部分的经济学的未来正面临危险。
Abstract : Economic sanctions have been used for centuries as a tool of warfare, with some notable successes such as the demise of Apartheid in South Africa. Today however, their effectiveness is diminishing for a number of reasons. The purpose of this paper is to show that economic sanctions are no longer an effective instrument of national power. Many countries that are the targets of sanctions, such as Cuba and Iran, have been able to withstand sanctions imposed by the U.S., and indeed have started to grow at impressive rates in spite of them. Without the cooperation of the nations of the world whenever sanctions are contemplated, their effectiveness will be severely reduced. The advent of computers, speed of light communication networks, giant multi-national corporations, and the proliferation of banking networks are combining to make modern nations impervious to economic attack. The future of economics as part of the four instruments of national power is in jeopardy as the world moves forward from the industrial age into the information age.