Reassessment of the phylogenetic interrelationships of basal turtles (Testudinata)
Reassessment of the phylogenetic interrelationships of basal turtles (Testudinata)
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DOI：
10.1080/14772019.2011.558928
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Anquetin, Jeremy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anquetin, Jeremy
最近在晚三叠世和中侏罗世的发现大大改善了早期海龟的化石记录。这些新的形式提供了一个独特的机会来测试基龟的相互关系。十九化石物种被添加到最全面的形态系统发育分析的龟分支的分类单元样本。在这些额外的物种中，最近发现的形式（e。G. Odontochelys semitestacea，Eileanchelys waldmani，Condorchelys antiqua），分类群通常从以前的分析（e。G. Chengyuchelyids，Sichuanchelys chowi）和首次纳入系统发育分析的种Naomichelys speciosa和Siamochelys peninsularis。几个字符的编码重新评估，根据最近的观察，但也为了减少不必要的假设字符和字符状态同源性。其他字符从以前的分析，以及五个新的，也包括在内，导致在一个数据矩阵的178个字符得分为86龟种和7个化石外群。该数据集解决了大多数新纳入的分类群的关系，除了S。chowi和'Chengyuchelys' dashanpuensis。Heckerochelys romani，Condorchelys antiqua和Eileanchelys waldmani作为干龟的系统发育位置比Kayentachelys aprix更衍生，但比Meiolania platyandrium和Mongolochelys efremovi更基础得到证实。成玉龟类的亲缘关系尚不清楚，与干龟的亲缘关系也不稳定。与以往的分析不同，Arundelemys dardeni属于侧胸类，Siamochelys peninsularis福尔斯属于新疆龟类。也许本研究最突出的结论是，Naomichelys speciosa的位置作为一个分支团结meiolaniids，Mongolochelys efremovi和Otwayemys cunicularius的基础成员。这支相当大的干龟至少在中生代期间在世界范围内传播，并一直持续到更新世与meiolaniids。
Recent discoveries from the Late Triassic and Middle Jurassic have significantly improved the fossil record of early turtles. These new forms offer a unique opportunity to test the interrelationships of basal turtles. Nineteen fossil species are added to the taxon sample of the most comprehensive morphological phylogenetic analysis of the turtle clade. Among these additional species are recently discovered forms (e. g. Odontochelys semitestacea, Eileanchelys waldmani, Condorchelys antiqua), taxa generally omitted from previous analyses (e. g. chengyuchelyids, Sichuanchelys chowi) and species included in a phylogenetic analysis for the first time (Naomichelys speciosa and Siamochelys peninsularis). The coding of several characters is reassessed in the light of recent observations, but also in order to reduce unwarranted assumptions on character and character state homologies. Additional characters from previous analyses, as well as five new ones, are also included, resulting in a data matrix of 178 characters scored for 86 turtle species and seven fossil outgroups. The dataset resolves the relationships of most newly included taxa, with the exception of S. chowi and 'Chengyuchelys' dashanpuensis. The phylogenetic placement of Heckerochelys romani, Condorchelys antiqua and Eileanchelys waldmani as stem turtles more derived than Kayentachelys aprix but more basal than Meiolania platyceps and Mongolochelys efremovi is corroborated. The relationships of chengyuchelyids remain unclear and they are unstable with respect to stem turtles. In contrast to previous analyses, Arundelemys dardeni is placed within pleurosternids and Siamochelys peninsularis falls within xinjiangchelyids. Perhaps the most salient conclusion of the present study is the placement of Naomichelys speciosa as a basal member of a clade uniting meiolaniids, Mongolochelys efremovi and Otwayemys cunicularius. This clade of rather large stem turtles had a worldwide spread during the Mesozoic at least, and persisted until the Pleistocene with meiolaniids.