Simulating dynamical features of escape panic
Simulating dynamical features of escape panic
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DOI：
10.1038/35035023
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发表时间：
2000-09-28
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Vicsek, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helbing, D;Farkas, I;Vicsek, T
人类集体行为中最具灾难性的一种形式是由恐慌引起的人群踩踏，由于人们被碾压或踩踏，往往导致死亡。有时这种行为是在危及生命的情况下引发的，例如在拥挤的建筑物中发生火灾（1,2）；在其他时候，踩踏事件可能发生在争抢座位的过程中（3,4），或者似乎没有原因。尽管工程师们正在寻找减轻此类灾难规模的方法，但它们的频率似乎随着大规模事件的数量和规模而增加（2,5）。但是对恐慌行为的系统研究（6-9）和能够预测这种人群动态的定量理论（5,10-12）却很少。在这里，我们使用行人行为模型来研究人群中不协调运动引起恐慌和堵塞的机制（和先决条件）。我们的模拟提供了防止危险人群压力的实用方法。此外，我们还找到了从烟雾弥漫的房间中逃生的最佳策略，其中包括个人主义行为和集体“羊群”本能的混合。
One of the most disastrous forms of collective human behaviour is the kind of crowd stampede induced by panic, often leading to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. Sometimes this behaviour is triggered in life-threatening situations such as fires in crowded buildings(1,2); at other times, stampedes can arise during the rush for seats(3,4) or seemingly without cause. Although engineers are finding ways to alleviate the scale of such disasters, their frequency seems to be increasing with the number and size of mass events(2,5). But systematic studies of panic behaviour(6-9) and quantitative theories capable of predicting such crowd dynamics(5,10-12) are rare. Here we use a model of pedestrian behaviour to investigate the mechanisms of (and preconditions for) panic and jamming by uncoordinated motion in crowds. Our simulations suggest practical ways to prevent dangerous crowd pressures. Moreover, we rnd an optimal strategy for escape from a smoke-filled room, involving a mixture of individualistic behaviour and collective `herding' instinct.