Graded Causation and Defaults
Graded Causation and Defaults
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分级因果关系和默认值
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Christopher R. Hitchcock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Joseph Y. Halpern;Christopher R. Hitchcock
心理学和实验哲学的最新研究表明，对实际因果关系的判断往往受到对缺省、典型性和常态的考虑的影响。一些哲学家和计算机科学家也提出，诉诸这些因素可以帮助解决现有的实际因果关系解释所面临的问题。本文开发了一个灵活的正式框架，用于将默认性、典型性和常态纳入实际因果关系的解释中。由此产生的帐户采取实际的因果关系，既分级和比较。然后，我们将展示我们的帐户将如何处理一些标准情况。1引言2因果模型3实际因果关系的HP定义4同构问题5典型性和正态性6扩展因果模型7示例 7.1遗漏 7.2旋钮效应 7.3原因与背景条件 7.4防范假冒伪劣 7.5因果链 7.6介入原因的法律的学说 7.7抢先和短路8结论1引言2因果模型3实际因果关系的HP定义4同构问题5因果关系、典型性和正态性6扩展因果模型7示例 7.1遗漏 7.2旋钮效应 7.3原因与背景条件 7.4防范假冒伪劣 7.5因果链 7.6介入原因的法律的学说 7.7优先权和短路 7.1遗漏 7.2旋钮效应 7.3原因与背景条件 7.4防范假冒伪劣 7.5因果链 7.6介入原因的法律的学说 7.7优先购买权和短路
Recent work in psychology and experimental philosophy has shown that judgments of actual causation are often influenced by consideration of defaults, typicality, and normality. A number of philosophers and computer scientists have also suggested that an appeal to such factors can help deal with problems facing existing accounts of actual causation. This article develops a flexible formal framework for incorporating defaults, typicality, and normality into an account of actual causation. The resulting account takes actual causation to be both graded and comparative. We then show how our account would handle a number of standard cases. 1 Introduction 2 Causal Models 3 The HP Definition of Actual Causation 4 The Problem of Isomorphism 5 Defaults, Typicality, and Normality 6 Extended Causal Models 7 Examples 7.1 Omissions 7.2 Knobe effects 7.3 Causes versus background conditions 7.4 Bogus prevention 7.5 Causal chains 7.6 Legal doctrines of intervening causes 7.7 Pre-emption and short circuits 8 Conclusion 1 Introduction 2 Causal Models 3 The HP Definition of Actual Causation 4 The Problem of Isomorphism 5 Defaults, Typicality, and Normality 6 Extended Causal Models 7 Examples 7.1 Omissions 7.2 Knobe effects 7.3 Causes versus background conditions 7.4 Bogus prevention 7.5 Causal chains 7.6 Legal doctrines of intervening causes 7.7 Pre-emption and short circuits 7.1 Omissions 7.2 Knobe effects 7.3 Causes versus background conditions 7.4 Bogus prevention 7.5 Causal chains 7.6 Legal doctrines of intervening causes 7.7 Pre-emption and short circuits 8 Conclusion