Hipponax Fragment 128W: Epic Parody or Expulsive Incantation?
Hipponax Fragment 128W: Epic Parody or Expulsive Incantation?
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Hipponax 碎片 128W：史诗般的戏仿还是驱逐咒语？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Faraone
中科院分区：
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作者：
C. Faraone
摘要学者们传统上将Hipponax Fragment 128(West)解读为史诗般的恶搞，旨在贬低他的敌人的傲慢自大和贪婪的习惯。然而，我认为，这种传统的解读最终是不够的，因为有两个未经检验的假设：(1)片段的节拍和措辞完全是为了回忆史诗叙事，而不是任何其他早期的六度体裁；(2)第二行和第三行的描述性称谓是诗人临时创作的喜剧作品，只是指暴食者或寄生虫的餐桌礼仪。相反，我认为，这段片段在几个方面反映了语言、节拍和六步曲圣歌或咒语的表演目标，这些圣歌或咒语旨在驱逐有害的饥荒恶魔或护送人类替罪羊离开城市。我还建议，128号片段中对敌人的生动而有点滑稽的描述可能不是针对他个人的饮食失调，而是来自古希腊思想的两个相互关联和普遍的特征：将饥荒恶魔描述为贪婪的食客的传统，以及希腊咒骂中的一个流行主题，将政敌妖魔化为贪婪的害虫，威胁要吞噬城市的联邦，因此必须将他们驱逐出社区，就像饥荒恶魔一样。
Abstract Scholars have traditionally interpreted Hipponax fragment 128 (West) as an epic parody designed to belittle the grand pretensions and gluttonous habits of his enemy. I suggest, however, that this traditional reading ultimately falls short because of two unexamined assumptions: (1) that the meter and diction of the fragment are exclusively meant to recall epic narrative and not any other early hexametrical genre, and (2) that the descriptive epithets in lines 2 and 3 are the ad hoc comic creations of the poet and simply refer to the table manners of a glutton or a parasite. I argue instead that this fragment in several ways reflects the language, the meter and the performative goal of hexametrical chants or incantations designed to expel harmful famine demons or to escort human scapegoats from the city. I also suggest that the vivid and somewhat comic descriptions of the enemy in fragment 128 probably do not aim at his personal eating disorders, but rather they are drawn from two interrelated and generic features of archaic Greek thought: a tradition of describing famine-demons as insatiable eaters, and a popular theme in Greek invective which demonizes political enemies as rapacious pests who threaten to gobble up the commonwealth of the city and who therefore must be expelled from the community, precisely like a famine-demon.