Extracellular and intracellular pathogen recognition by Drosophila PGRP-LE and PGRP-LC
Extracellular and intracellular pathogen recognition by Drosophila PGRP-LE and PGRP-LC
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DOI：
10.1093/intimm/dxp128
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Kurata, Shoichiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kurata, Shoichiro
尽管缺乏在高等脊椎动物中发现的适应性免疫，但昆虫能够通过多种先天免疫应答来保护自己免受大量病原体的侵害，这些免疫应答使用与其他多细胞生物（包括人类）的先天免疫应答惊人相似的分子机制。因此，果蝇是利用遗传和分子生物学技术研究先天免疫基本原理的极好模式生物。在果蝇中，通过上皮屏障（第一道自我防御）的入侵病原体可能会遇到体液和细胞反应，这些反应利用模式识别受体来识别血淋巴或免疫细胞表面上的病原体相关分子模式。一些病原体通过侵入宿主细胞质而逃避血淋巴中的识别和消除。然而，一些细胞内病原体如单核细胞增生李斯特菌通过免疫反应如自噬通过模式识别受体的细胞内识别而被消除。
Despite lacking the adaptive immunity that is found in higher vertebrates, insects are able to defend themselves from a large battery of pathogens by multiple innate immune responses using molecular mechanisms that are strikingly similar to the innate immune responses of other multicellular organisms, including humans. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is therefore an excellent model organism for studying the basic principles of innate immunity using genetic and molecular biology techniques. In Drosophila, invading pathogens that pass through the epithelial barriers (a first line of self-defense) can encounter humoral and cellular responses that utilize pattern-recognition receptors to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns in the hemolymph or on the immune cell surface. Some pathogens escape recognition and elimination in the hemolymph by invading the host cytoplasm. Some intracellular pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes are, nevertheless, eliminated by immune reactions such as autophagy through intracellular identification by pattern-recognition receptors.