ADHD and gender:: are risks and sequela of ADHD the same for boys and girls?
ADHD and gender:: are risks and sequela of ADHD the same for boys and girls?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01750.x
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Canino, Glorisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauermeister, Jos J.;Shrout, Patrick E.;Canino, Glorisa
背景：研究比较了接受治疗的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）男孩和女孩，得出了模棱两可的结果。矛盾的发现可能与不同的转诊实践或未探索的性别与ADHD亚型的相互作用有关。方法：我们在波多黎各的一个代表性社区样本（N = 1896）中研究了4至17岁儿童ADHD及其亚型的可能性别差异。照料者通过《儿童诊断面谈时间表》（第四版）和一套关于缺陷、家庭关系、儿童问题、合并症和治疗措施的资料提供信息。结果如下：ADHD在男孩中的发病率是女孩的2.3倍，但除了一个例外，几乎没有证据表明男孩和女孩的ADHD与相关因素的关联模式不同。唯一的例外是学校停课，这在ADHD男孩中比女孩更常见。当考虑ADHD亚型时，发现了额外的性别相互作用。在合并型（n = 50）中，男孩比女孩更容易合并情绪障碍。对于那些注意力不集中的类型（n = 47），女孩比男孩更容易患焦虑症。结论：我们的研究结果为最近的报告提供了跨文化的普遍性，即性别与ADHD的整体相关性没有相互作用，但它可能在亚型中发挥作用。
Background: Research comparing treatment-referred boys and girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has yielded equivocal results. Contradictory findings may be associated with differential referral practices or unexplored interactions of gender with ADHD subtypes. Method: We examined possible gender differences in ADHD and its subtypes among children aged 4 to 17 in a representative community sample (N = 1896) in Puerto Rico. Caretakers provided information through the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (version IV) and a battery of impairment, family relations, child problems, comorbidity and treatment measures. Results: ADHD was 2.3 times more common in boys than girls, but with one exception there was little evidence that the patterns of associations of ADHD with correlates were different for boys and girls. The exception was school suspension, which was more common among ADHD boys than girls. Additional gender interactions were found when ADHD subtypes were considered. Among those with combined type (n = 50), boys were more likely to be comorbid with mood disorders than girls. For those with the inattentive type (n = 47), girls were more likely to be comorbid with anxiety disorders than boys. Conclusions: Our findings lend cross-cultural generalizability to recent reports that gender does not interact with correlates for ADHD overall, but that it may play a role in subtypes.