The mitochondrial genome of a sea anemone Bolocera sp. exhibits novel genetic structures potentially involved in adaptation to the deep-sea environment.
The mitochondrial genome of a sea anemone Bolocera sp. exhibits novel genetic structures potentially involved in adaptation to the deep-sea environment.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.3067
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Lin Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang B;Zhang YH;Wang X;Zhang HX;Lin Q
深海是地球上最广泛的生态系统之一。生活在那里的生物生存在极其恶劣的环境中，它们的线粒体能量代谢可能是进化的结果。线粒体作为重要的细胞器之一，通过能量代谢产生能量，在几乎所有的生物活动中都发挥着重要作用。在这项研究中，深海海葵（Bolocera sp.）进行了测序和鉴定。像其他后生动物一样，它含有13个能量途径蛋白编码基因和两个核糖体RNA。然而，它也表现出一些独特的特征：只有两个转移RNA基因，两个I组内含子，两个转座子样非经典开放阅读框架（ORF）和一个控制区样（CR样）元件。所有线粒体基因都由同一条链（H链）编码。遗传顺序和方向与大多数已测序的actiniarians相同。系统发育分析表明，该种与Bolocera tuediae亲缘关系最近。正选择分析表明，三个位点（ATP 6的31个L和42个N，ND 5的570个S）为正选择位点。通过与浅海海葵物种的这些特征进行比较，我们推断这些新的基因特征可能会影响线粒体基因的活性。这项研究可能会为Bolocera sp.适应深海环境提供一些线索。
The deep sea is one of the most extensive ecosystems on earth. Organisms living there survive in an extremely harsh environment, and their mitochondrial energy metabolism might be a result of evolution. As one of the most important organelles, mitochondria generate energy through energy metabolism and play an important role in almost all biological activities. In this study, the mitogenome of a deep‐sea sea anemone (Bolocera sp.) was sequenced and characterized. Like other metazoans, it contained 13 energy pathway protein‐coding genes and two ribosomal RNAs. However, it also exhibited some unique features: just two transfer RNA genes, two group I introns, two transposon‐like noncanonical open reading frames (ORFs), and a control region‐like (CR‐like) element. All of the mitochondrial genes were coded by the same strand (the H‐strand). The genetic order and orientation were identical to those of most sequenced actiniarians. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this species was closely related to Bolocera tuediae. Positive selection analysis showed that three residues (31 L and 42 N in ATP6, 570 S in ND5) of Bolocera sp. were positively selected sites. By comparing these features with those of shallow sea anemone species, we deduced that these novel gene features may influence the activity of mitochondrial genes. This study may provide some clues regarding the adaptation of Bolocera sp. to the deep‐sea environment.