What Is Morphological Computation? On How the Body Contributes to Cognition and Control
What Is Morphological Computation? On How the Body Contributes to Cognition and Control
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DOI：
10.1162/artl_a_00219
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hoffmann, Matej
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mueller, Vincent C.;Hoffmann, Matej
在天然和人工制剂中，身体对认知和控制的贡献越来越多地被描述为将计算从大脑转移到身体，在身体中，据说身体执行形态计算。我们对动物和机器人中形态计算的四个特征案例的研究表明，卸载的观点是误导的。事实上，身体形态对认知和控制的贡献很少是计算性的，在任何有用的意义上都是如此。因此，我们区分了(1)便于控制的形态，(2)便于感知的形态，以及(3)形态计算本身的罕见情况，例如储集层计算，其中身体实际上用于计算。这一结果有助于理解体现和计算之间的关系：机器人设计和认知科学的问题不是计算是否转移到身体，而是身体在多大程度上促进认知和控制它如何对智能行为的整体协调做出贡献。
The contribution of the body to cognition and control in natural and artificial agents is increasingly described as offloading computation from the brain to the body, where the body is said to perform morphological computation. Our investigation of four characteristic cases of morphological computation in animals and robots shows that the offloading perspective is misleading. Actually, the contribution of body morphology to cognition and control is rarely computational, in any useful sense of the word. We thus distinguish (1) morphology that facilitates control, (2) morphology that facilitates perception, and the rare cases of (3) morphological computation proper, such as reservoir computing, where the body is actually used for computation. This result contributes to the understanding of the relation between embodiment and computation: The question for robot design and cognitive science is not whether computation is offloaded to the body, but to what extent the body facilitates cognition and controlhow it contributes to the overall orchestration of intelligent behavior.