Epigenetic mechanisms in pubertal brain maturation.
Epigenetic mechanisms in pubertal brain maturation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.014
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发表时间：
2014-04-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bale TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morrison KE;Rodgers AB;Morgan CP;Bale TL
青春期是发育的关键时期，在此期间，促性腺激素释放激素从下丘脑分泌的重新出现触发了一系列激素依赖过程。包括前额叶皮层在内的特定大脑区域的成熟发生在这一窗口期，但这些动态变化背后的复杂机制尚不清楚。特别是，表观遗传学在这种编程中的潜在参与一直没有得到充分的研究。表观基因组被认为可以指导早期的发育阶段，它同样可以调节青春期驱动的重要大脑成熟。此外，由于表观遗传机制对环境高度敏感，它的参与也可能使这一生长时期更容易受到外部损害，从而导致重编程和疾病风险增加。重要的是，神经精神疾病通常出现在青春期或青春期后的个体中，包括压力在内的环境扰动可能通过表观遗传机制破坏青春期大脑发育的正常轨迹，从而加速疾病的发作。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了涉及青春期大脑成熟的表观遗传过程，潜在的脱轨点，以及未来研究对理解这一动态发育窗口和更好地理解神经精神疾病风险的重要性。
Puberty is a critical period of development during which the reemergence of gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion from the hypothalamus triggers a cascade of hormone-dependent processes. Maturation of specific brain regions including the prefrontal cortex occurs during this window, but the complex mechanisms underlying these dynamic changes are not well understood. Particularly, the potential involvement of epigenetics in this programming has been under-examined. The epigenome is known to guide earlier stages of development, and it is similarly poised to regulate vital pubertal-driven brain maturation. Further, as epigenetic machinery is highly environmentally responsive, its involvement may also lend this period of growth to greater vulnerability to external insults, resulting in reprogramming and increased disease risk. Importantly, neuropsychiatric diseases commonly present in individuals during or immediately following puberty, and environmental perturbations including stress may precipitate disease onset by disrupting the normal trajectory of pubertal brain development via epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss epigenetic processes involved in pubertal brain maturation, the potential points of derailment, and the importance of future studies for understanding this dynamic developmental window and gaining a better understanding of neuropsychiatric disease risk.