Monitoring the liberation of volatile organic compounds during fused deposition modeling three dimensional printing using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Monitoring the liberation of volatile organic compounds during fused deposition modeling three dimensional printing using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
复制标题
使用固相微萃取与气相色谱/质谱联用监测熔融沉积建模三维打印过程中挥发性有机化合物的释放
DOI：
10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463886
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Anderson, Jared L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thapa, Bhawana;Hsieh, Shu-An;Bell, David S.;Anderson, Jared L.
三维（3D）打印机已经获得了极大的普及，并被广泛用于办公室，实验室和私人住宅。熔融沉积成型（FDM）是室内桌面3D打印机最常用的机制之一，它依赖于加热热塑性长丝的挤出和沉积，从而释放挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。随着3D打印机的使用越来越多，人们对人体健康的担忧也在增加，因为接触VOC可能会对健康造成不良影响。因此，重要的是监测印刷过程中的VOC释放并将其与长丝成分相关联。在这项研究中，挥发性有机化合物释放的台式打印机进行了测量固相微萃取（SPME）结合气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）。选择具有不同极性的吸附剂涂层的SPME纤维用于提取从丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯（ABS）、坚韧聚乳酸和CPE+长丝中释放的VOC。结果发现，对于所有三种测试的长丝，较长的打印时间导致提取的VOC的数量更大。ABS长丝释放最多的VOC，而CPE+长丝释放最少的VOC。通过使用层次聚类分析和主成分分析，长丝以及纤维可以区分基于释放的VOCs。这项研究表明，SPME是一种很有前途的工具，可以在非平衡条件下对3D打印过程中释放的VOC进行采样和提取，并且当与气相色谱-质谱联用时，可以用于帮助初步鉴定VOC。
Three-dimensional (3D) printers have gained tremendous popularity and are being widely used in offices, laboratories, and private homes. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is among the most commonly used mechanisms by desktop 3D printers in indoor settings and relies on the extrusion and deposition of heated thermoplastic filaments, resulting in the liberation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). With the growing use of 3D printers, concerns regarding human health have risen as the exposure to VOCs may cause adverse health effects. Therefore, it is important to monitor VOC liberation during printing and to correlate it to filament composition. In this study, VOCs liberated with a desktop printer were measured by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). SPME fibers featuring sorbent coatings of varied polarity were chosen for the extraction of VOCs liberated from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), tough polylactic acid, and copolyester+ (CPE+) filaments. It was found that for all three filaments tested, longer print times resulted in a greater number of extracted VOCs. The ABS filament liberated the most VOCs while the CPE+ filaments liberated the fewest VOCs. Through the use of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, filaments as well as fibers could be differentiated based on the liberated VOCs. This study demonstrates that SPME is a promising tool to sample and extract VOCs liberated during 3D printing under non-equilibrium conditions and can be used to aid in tentative identification of the VOCs when coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.