Dan Zahavi, Self and Other: Exploring Subjectivity, Empathy, and Shame
Dan Zahavi, Self and Other: Exploring Subjectivity, Empathy, and Shame
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丹·扎哈维，《自我与他人：探索主观性、同理心和羞耻感》
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
Merike Reiljan
中科院分区：
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作者：
D. Zahavi;Merike Reiljan
丹·扎哈维（Dan Zahavi）的《自我与他人：探索主体性、移情和羞耻》（Self and Other：Exploring Subjectivity，Empathy，and Shame）是作者对自我的现象学解释的阐述，是关于这个主题的一系列出版物中最新的长篇作品。这本专著的重点是自我与他者之间的关系。扎哈维捍卫自我的多维模型，并认为最小的自我，所有主观生物共享的最基本的自我形式，是前社会的。然而，也有通过社会手段形成的自我的其他方面。自我与他人是通过对移情现象的扩展调查来探索自我的社会和前社会方面之间的相互联系。它解决了这样一个问题：将自我理解为最基本水平上的前社会和第一个人现象是否可以正确地解释人类的主体间性和社会本质。扎哈维利用埃德蒙·胡塞尔、让-保罗·贝佐斯、莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂、马克斯·舍勒和阿尔弗雷德·舒茨的现象学描述所提供的见解，为最小自我的概念辩护，避免被批评为过于笛卡尔主义。他认为，由于移情的基本形式是发展自我的任何社会维度所必需的，需要保持自我-他人的差异化，因此第一个人的经验自我必须被视为满意地解释主体间性和社会性的先决条件。这本专著包括对当代关于自我、同理心和羞耻的广泛作品的批判性评估，并与最近的相关发现相结合，
Dan Zahavi’s Self and Other: Exploring Subjectivity, Empathy, and Shame is an elaboration of the author’s phenomenological account of selfhood, the latest longer work in a series of publications on the topic. e focus of this monograph is on the relation between the self and the other. Zahavi defends the multidimensional model of the self and argues that the minimal self, the most basic form of self that all subjective creatures share, is presocial. However, there are also other dimensions of the self that are formed through social means. Self and Other is an exploration of the interconnection between the social and the presocial aspects of selfhood via an extended investigation of the phenomenon of empathy. It addresses the question whether understanding the self to be a presocial and rst-personal phenomenon at themost basic level allows for a proper account of both intersubjectivity and the social nature of humans. Drawing upon insights provided by the phenomenological accounts of Edmund Husserl, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Max Scheler, and Alfred Schutz, Zahavi defends the notion of a minimal self from the critique that it is overly Cartesian. He argues that since the basic form of empathy, which is necessary for developing any social dimension of selfhood, entails the preservation of self-other dierentiation, the rst-personal experiential self must rather be regarded as a prerequisite for a satisfactory account of intersubjectivity and sociability. e monograph includes a critical assessment of a wide range of contemporary works on the self, empathy, and shame, and it engages with relevant recent discoveries in