Patterns of fluoride intake from birth to 36 months
Patterns of fluoride intake from birth to 36 months
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-7325.2001.tb03369.x
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Wefel, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levy, SM;Warren, JJ;Wefel, JS
目的：在美国、加拿大和其他国家，由于多种形式的氟化物的广泛可用性，氟斑牙患病率有所增加，其中在生命的前三年摄入氟化物在氟中毒病因学中显得最为关键。由于很少有当代研究氟摄入量在这个年龄组，本文的目的是描述模式的估计氟摄入量从出生到36个月的年龄从水，水，膳食氟化物补充剂和组合。研究方法：作为爱荷华州纵向氟化物研究的一部分，通过问卷收集对关于饮水量、氟化物摄入量和氟化物补充剂使用的一系列问题的重复回答，并用于估计氟化物摄入量。估计摄入量按来源报告，并按不同年龄合并。受试者年龄和其他协变量对氟摄入量的影响进行了评估，使用回归方法适合相关数据的分析。结果：对于大多数儿童，水氟摄入量是主要来源，特别是到12个月的年龄。合并的每日氟化物摄入量在9个月内增加，在12和16个月时较低，此后再次增加。3个月龄时每单位体重的平均摄入量约为0.075 mg F/kg bw，6和9个月时为0.06 mg F/kg bw，12和16个月时为0.035 mg F/kg bw，20-36个月时为0.043 mg F/kg bw。取决于所选择的阈值（例如，0.05或0.07 mg F/kg bw），但超过该水平的儿童百分比各不相同，前9个月的百分比最高。回归分析表明，从1.5-9个月的氟摄入量（毫克F/千克体重），以减少增加儿童的年龄，母亲的年龄和母亲的教育，与复杂的三个因素之间的相互作用。从12-20个月的氟摄入量增加，随着儿童年龄的增加和母亲的年龄增加而减少。从24-36个月的氟摄入量没有发现统计学显着的关系结论：有相当大的变化，在不同年龄和个体之间的氟摄入量。纵向研究可能是必要的，以充分了解随着时间的推移氟摄入和氟中毒的发展之间的关系。
Objectives: Dental fluorosis prevalence has increased in the United States, Canada, and other nations due to the widespread availability of fluoride in many forms, with fluoride ingestion during the first three years of life appearing most critical in fluorosis etiology. With few contemporary studies of fluoride ingestion in this age group, the purpose of this paper is to describe patterns of estimated fluoride ingestion from birth to 36 months of age from water, dentifrice, and dietary fluoride supplements and combined. Methods: Repeated responses to separate series of questions about water intake, use of fluoride dentifrice, and use of fluoride supplements were collected by questionnaire as part of the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study and used to estimate fluoride intake. Estimated intake is reported by source and combined at different ages. Effects of subject age and other covariates on fluoride intake were assessed using regression methods appropriate far the analysis of correlated data. Results: For most children, water fluoride intake was the predominant source, especially through age 12 months. Combined daily fluoride intake increased through 9 months, was lower at 12 and 16 months, and increased again thereafter. Mean intake per unit body weight (bw) was about 0.075 mg F/kg bw through 3 months of age, 0.06 mg F/kg bw at 6 and 9 months, 0.035 mg F/kg bw at 12 and 16 months and 0.043 mg F/kg bw from 20-36 months. Depending on the threshold chosen (e.g., 0.05 or 0.07 mg F/kg bw), variable percentages of the children exceeded the levels, with percentages greatest during the first 9 months. Regression analyses showed fluoride intake (mg F/kg bw) from 1.5-9 months to decrease with increasing child's age, mothers age, and mother's education, with a complex three-way interaction among these factors. From 12-20 months fluoride intake increased with increasing child age and decreased with increasing mother's age. No statistically significant relationships were found for fluoride intake from 24-36 months Conclusions: There is considerable variation in fluoride intake across ages and among individuals. Longitudinal studies may be necessary to fully understand the relationships between fluoride ingestion over time and development of fluorosis.