Vaccines: countering anthrax: vaccines and immunoglobulins.
Vaccines: countering anthrax: vaccines and immunoglobulins.
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疫苗：对抗炭疽：疫苗和免疫球蛋白。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
J. Grabenstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Grabenstein
炭疽孢子是生物武器中的头号威胁。本文回顾了主动或被动免疫以对抗炭疽孢子恶意释放的累积证据。目前人类炭疽疫苗中的关键保护因素是一种名为保护性抗原的蛋白质，它允许毒素进入细胞。美国的疫苗获得了预防炭疽病的许可，无论接触途径如何。它的给药计划既繁琐又有些痛苦(缺点可能会通过正在进行的临床研究来解决)。它可以与数十项人体安全研究和最近180万接种疫苗的经验相称的信心而开出。对于暴露后的预防，在发病前结合抗生素预防和主动免疫可能提供及时和持续保护的最佳组合，特别是对于吸入大剂量孢子的人。对于炭疽感染的治疗，使用多克隆或单克隆抗体产品的被动免疫可能会提供重要的临床益处，特别是当炭疽细菌对多种抗生素产生抗药性时。
Anthrax spores rank as the leading threat among bioweapons. This article reviews the accumulated evidence for immunization, either active or passive, to counter the malicious release of anthrax spores. The key protective factor in current anthrax vaccines for humans is a protein called protective antigen, which allows ingress of toxins into cells. The US vaccine is licensed to prevent anthrax, regardless of the route of exposure. Its dosing schedule is cumbersome and somewhat painful (shortcomings that may be resolved by ongoing clinical studies). It can be prescribed with the confidence commensurate with dozens of human safety studies and experience in 1.8 million recent vaccinees. For post-exposure prophylaxis, combining antibiotic prophylaxis and active immunization before illness onset may offer the best combination of prompt and sustained protection, especially for people who inhale large doses of spores. To treat anthrax infection, passive immunization using a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody product may offer important clinical benefit, especially if the anthrax bacteria are resistant to multiple antibiotics.