An overview of research advances in road traffic trauma in China.
An overview of research advances in road traffic trauma in China.
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DOI：
10.1080/15389580309860
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Jiang, Jianxin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Zhengguo;Jiang, Jianxin
随着社会经济的快速发展，道路交通事故（RTA）持续增加，已成为人类的“第一公害”。道路交通创伤（RTT）是所有机动化国家年轻人死亡的主要原因。本文回顾了 RTT 研究的最新进展，以期找到一些改善交通管理、减少 RTA 和 RTT 的方法。所有可用数据均来自政府、文献、我们自己的研究和会议记录。各国统计分析表明，人为因素仍然是RTA产生的主要原因，占90%以上。车辆和道路因素分别占 RTA 总数的 3-5% 和不到 2%。大约 85% 的 RTA 是由 21 至 45 岁的人造成的。在美国，大约 50% 的 RTA 死亡与饮酒有关。在中国，因驾驶员饮酒导致的RTA占0.29-1.48%。大约 6-8% 的驾驶员容易发生 RTA，导致 30-40% 的 RTA。安全带是预防伤亡的有效方法，可将死亡率和发病率降低 13-50%。在中国，约70%的区域贸易协定与自行车有关。院前急救非常重要。如果伤者得到早期有效的治疗，大约35%的死亡是可以避免的。 1983年至1992年，18个发展中国家的RTT死亡率上升了13%，而13个发达国家的RTT死亡率下降了18%，表明交通管理综合治理的重要性。此外，RTT的基础科学研究也取得了许多进展，例如系列生物冲击机的开发以及冲击损伤的生物力学和生化机制的研究。本世纪，许多国家，特别是发展中国家，区域贸易协定和区域贸易协定预计将继续增加。通力配合、综合治理，提高交通安全水平。
With rapid development of social economies, road traffic accidents (RTAs) have continued to increase, and have become the "primary public hazard" to humans. Road traffic trauma (RTT) is a major cause of death in young people of all motorized countries. This article reviews the current advances in RTT research, in order to find some approaches to improving traffic administration and reducing RTAs and RTT. All available data were collected from government, literature, our own research, and conference proceedings. Statistical analysis from every country showed that human factors were still the main cause of RTAs, accounting for more than 90%. Vehicle and road factors caused 3-5% and less than 2% of the total RTAs, respectively. Approximately 85% of RTAs were caused by 21 to 45-year-olds. About 50% of deaths due to RTAs in the United States were related to drinking. In China, RTAs due to driver drinking accounted for 0.29-1.48%. About 6-8% of drivers were prone to RTA, causing 30-40% of RTAs. Seat belts are an effective way to prevent casualties, reducing mortality and morbidity by 13-50%. In China, about 70% of RTAs were related to bicycles. Prehospital emergency treatment is very important. About 35% of deaths may be avoided if the injured receive early and effective treatment. From 1983 to 1992 the mortality of RTT increased by 13% in 18 developing countries, while it decreased by 18% in 13 developed countries, indicating the importance of comprehensive treatment of traffic administration. In addition many advances have been made in basic scientific research of RTT, such as development of serial bioimpact machines and investigation of biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms of impact injuries. In this century, RTAs and RTT are predicted to continue to increase in many countries, especially in developing ones. Full cooperation and comprehensive treatment should be performed in order to improve traffic safety.