Values in times of austerity: A cross-national and cross-generational analysis
Values in times of austerity: A cross-national and cross-generational analysis
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紧缩时期的价值观：跨国、跨代分析
DOI：
10.1386/ctl.11.3.267_1
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Janmaat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Janmaat
众所周知，在经济衰退时期，人们对政府和其他国家机构失去信心。政治学家指出，对特定政府或议会失去信心并不一定等于对公民文化的侵蚀，因为自由民主的文化基础更广泛。然而，最近的经济衰退异常严重和持久，一些国家才刚刚开始走出衰退。公民文化是否具有足够的韧性，甚至能够经受住像最近这样的特别严重的经济危机，这是一个悬而未决的问题。正如在危机时期经常发生的那样，年轻人受到最近这场危机的影响最大，因此可以预见，这个年龄段的公民价值观将出现最大幅度的下降。这篇文章考察了经济衰退对欧洲和西方一些国家不同世代公民价值观的影响。根据欧洲社会调查(ESS)和世界价值观调查(WVS)的数据对短期和长期趋势的分析表明，作为公民文化指标的社会信任、容忍、积极的公民参与和后物质主义价值观不容易受到经济衰退的影响，这证实了公民价值观需要与政治信任区分开来的观点。相关分析为这一结论提供了额外的支持，因为它表明公民文化指标的变化与经济业绩的变化之间没有联系。然而，人们发现公民处置权与经济繁荣和业绩的总体水平有关，这表明这种处置权并非完全不受物质条件的影响。这让我们猜测，公民文化更容易受到影响人们生活机会和福祉的持久过程的影响，而不是受经济危机等短暂现象的影响。
It is common knowledge that in times of recession people lose confidence in the government and in other state institutions. Political scientists have pointed out that a loss of faith in a particular government or parliament does not necessarily amount to an erosion of civic culture as the cultural foundation of liberal democracy is broader. However, the recent recession has been unusually severe and long-lasting and some countries have only just started to climb out of it. It is an open question whether civic culture is so resilient that it can even weather exceptionally serious economic crises such as the recent one. As often happens in times of crisis, young people have been most affected by the recent crisis, and one may thus expect this age group to show the steepest drops in civic values. The current article examined the impact of the recession on the civic values of different generations across a selection of European and western states. Analyses of both short and long-term trends based on European Social Survey (ESS) and World Values Survey (WVS) data showed that social trust, tolerance, active civic participation and post-materialism values, as civic culture indicators, are not susceptible to economic downturns, confirming the idea that civic values need to be distinguished from political trust. Correlational analysis provided additional support for this finding as it showed no links between changes in civic culture indicators and changes in economic performance. However, civic dispositions were found to be related to overall levels of economic prosperity and performance, indicating that such dispositions are not wholly immune to material conditions. This led us to surmise that civic culture is more susceptible to enduring processes affecting people’s life chances and well-being than to fleeting phenomena such as economic crises.