Fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells: adipocytes or osteoblasts?
Fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells: adipocytes or osteoblasts?
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DOI：
10.1038/cdd.2015.168
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
12.4
通讯作者：
Shi Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Q;Shou P;Zheng C;Jiang M;Cao G;Yang Q;Cao J;Xie N;Velletri T;Zhang X;Xu C;Zhang L;Yang H;Hou J;Wang Y;Shi Y
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一种非造血干细胞群，首次在骨髓中发现，是一种多能细胞，能够分化为多种间充质组织的成熟细胞，如脂肪和骨。作为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞的共同祖细胞，间充质干细胞在分化过程中处于微妙的平衡状态。许多体外研究表明，脂肪诱导因子抑制成骨，相反，骨诱导因子阻碍脂肪生成。事实上，多种外部因素有助于MSCs脂肪成骨分化的微妙平衡，包括化学、物理和生物因素。这些因子触发不同的信号通路，并激活各种转录因子，引导间充质干细胞向任何一个谱系靠拢。脂肪-成骨平衡的失调与一些病理生理过程有关，如衰老、肥胖、骨质减少、骨质疏松和骨质疏松。因此，近年来MSC分化的调控越来越受到人们的关注。在这里，我们回顾了外部因素及其信号传导过程，这些因素决定了脂肪细胞和成骨细胞在间充质干细胞分化过程中的相互调节以及脂肪-成骨平衡的最终控制。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a non-hematopoietic stem cell population first discovered in bone marrow, are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into mature cells of several mesenchymal tissues, such as fat and bone. As common progenitor cells of adipocytes and osteoblasts, MSCs are delicately balanced for their differentiation commitment. Numerous in vitro investigations have demonstrated that fat-induction factors inhibit osteogenesis, and, conversely, bone-induction factors hinder adipogenesis. In fact, a variety of external cues contribute to the delicate balance of adipo-osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, including chemical, physical, and biological factors. These factors trigger different signaling pathways and activate various transcription factors that guide MSCs to commit to either lineage. The dysregulation of the adipo-osteogenic balance has been linked to several pathophysiologic processes, such as aging, obesity, osteopenia, osteopetrosis, and osteoporosis. Thus, the regulation of MSC differentiation has increasingly attracted great attention in recent years. Here, we review external factors and their signaling processes dictating the reciprocal regulation between adipocytes and osteoblasts during MSC differentiation and the ultimate control of the adipo-osteogenic balance.