Chemical characterization of soil phosphorus and organic matter in different cropping systems in Maine, U.S.A.
Chemical characterization of soil phosphorus and organic matter in different cropping systems in Maine, U.S.A.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2004.08.001
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发表时间：
2005-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Ohno;T. Griffin;M. Liebman;G. Porter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Ohno;T. Griffin;M. Liebman;G. Porter
为了尽量减少购买的投入，可持续农业系统通常使用绿色或动物粪便作为作物的氮源。这些材料的添加对土壤磷的有效性也有积极的影响。本研究旨在调查5-13年的动物和豆类种植系统对有机质和土壤P化学的影响。两种种植系统，位于美国缅因州Presque Isle的马铃薯生态系统（ECO）和位于美国缅因州Stillwater的草肥力（GF）接受动物粪便。另外两个，利伯曼E旋转（LER）在斯蒂尔沃特，ME，美国和波特旋转（PR）在普雷斯克岛，ME，美国主要是豆类为基础的旋转。修正地块和对照地块之间的碳输入（ha-1年-1）估计差异为：ECO，8100 kg C; GF，1010 kg; LER，950 kg C; PR，415 kg C。施用畜禽粪便的处理土壤溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度显著高于仅施用豆科植物秸秆的处理（P < 0.10）。E2/E3分光光度法测定结果表明，施用有机肥的土壤有机碳比对照土壤有机碳的腐殖化程度更高。所有供试种植制度的Olsen P或全P在改良处理和对照处理之间均无显著差异。与DOC响应相似，施用动物粪便的ECO种植系统记录了更高的水溶性P浓度（P < 0.05）。DOC与土壤水溶性磷浓度呈线性关系，表明二者之间存在正相关关系。为了确定不同种植制度对磷生物有效性的影响，利用模拟模型研究了磷土壤化学变化如何影响作物对磷的吸收。模拟结果表明，基于动物粪便的ECO和GF系统的预测磷吸收量高于基于豆类的LER和PR系统（P < 0.05）。这项研究表明，种植系统，包括动物粪便可能会增加土壤磷的有效性。
To minimize purchased inputs, sustainable agriculture systems often use green- or animal-manure as a nitrogen source for crops. The addition of these materials also have positive impacts on soil phosphorus (P) availability. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of animal- and legume-based cropping systems in place for 5–13 years on the chemistry of organic matter and soil P. Two cropping systems, Potato Ecosystem (ECO) located in Presque Isle, ME, U.S.A. and Grass Fertility (GF) located in Stillwater, ME, U.S.A. received animal manure. Two others, Liebman E Rotation (LER) in Stillwater, ME, U.S.A. and Porter Rotation (PR) in Presque Isle, ME, U.S.A. were primarily legume-based rotations. Estimated difference in carbon input (ha−1year−1) between the amended and control plots were: ECO, 8100kg C; GF, 1010kg; LER, 950kg C; and PR, 415kg C. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was higher (P < 0.10) in the treatment that received animal manure than those which only received legume residue. The E2/E3 spectrophotometric test indicated that the DOC extracted from the ECO manure-treated plots was more humified than that from the ECO control plots. There were no significant differences between the amended and control treatments in Olsen P or total P for all the tested cropping systems. Similar to that of the DOC response, the ECO cropping system that received animal manure recorded higher concentrations of water soluble P (P < 0.05). There was a linear relationship between DOC and water-soluble P concentrations of the soil:water extract across soils, indicating a positive relationship between them. To determine the effects of the different cropping systems on P bioavailability, a simulation model was used to study how changes in P soil chemistry may affect P uptake by crops. The simulation runs showed that predicted P uptake was greater for the animal manure based ECO and GF systems, but not for the legume based LER and PR systems (P < 0.05). This study shows that cropping systems that include animal manure may increase soil P availability.