Male Sterility Accompanied with Abnormal Anther Development in Plants – Genes and Environmental Stresses with Special Reference to High Temperature Injury
Male Sterility Accompanied with Abnormal Anther Development in Plants – Genes and Environmental Stresses with Special Reference to High Temperature Injury
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
T. Sakata;A. Higashitani
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作者：
T. Sakata;A. Higashitani
花药细胞的发育和分化，包括细胞谱系和细胞命运的特化，是受到良好调控的程序。造孢细胞分化为花粉母细胞并进入减数分裂。此外，分化的花药壁细胞在花粉成熟过程中依次降解，它们的开裂排除了成熟的花粉。该降解过程似乎受程序性细胞死亡（PCD）控制。母系遗传的雄性不育在各种植物物种中是常见的，并且被称为细胞质雄性不育（CMS）。在CMS的一些实例中，花器官身份未受干扰，但花药组织通过PCD或坏死细胞死亡的过程退化。此外，非生物胁迫主要影响雄性生殖发育。特别是，高温胁迫导致许多植物物种的雄性不育。我们使用双棱大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）CV. 'Haruna-nijyo'）作为植物雄性生殖发育和高温伤害的模型。这种类型的损伤与花药中早期发育程序的过早进展有关，包括增殖停滞、花药壁细胞的降解和PMC中减数分裂的进展，所有这些都需要转录的全面改变。鉴于PCD参与花药特定的顺序和合作计划，以及在细胞的命运，这些研究结果表明，男性生殖发育可能是更敏感的环境压力比女性生殖发育和营养生长。我们还介绍了一些关键基因，最近已经确定，并特别涉及到男性生殖发育和不育。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The development and differentiation of anther cells, including specification of cell lineage and cell fate, are well-regulated programs. Sporogenous cells differentiate into pollen mother cells (PMCs) and enter meiosis. In addition, differentiated anther wall cells degrade sequentially during pollen maturation and their dehiscence excludes mature pollen. This degradation process appears to be controlled by programmed cell death (PCD). Maternally-inherited male sterility is common in various plant species and is referred to as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). In some examples of CMS, floral organ identity is unperturbed, but the anther tissues degenerate by processes of PCD or necrotic cell death. In addition, abiotic stresses dominantly affect male reproductive development. In particular, high-temperature stress causes male sterility in many plant species. We use the double-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Haruna-nijyo’) as a model for male reproductive development and high-temperature injury in plants. This type of injury relates to premature progression of early developmental programs in anthers and includes proliferation arrest, degradation of anther wall cells and progression to meiosis in PMCs, all of which require comprehensive alterations in transcription. Given the involvement of PCD in anther-specific sequential and cooperative programs, as well as in cell fates, these findings suggest that male reproductive development might be more sensitive to environmental stresses than female reproductive development and vegetative growth. We also introduce certain key genes that have been identified recently and relate specifically to male reproductive development and sterility. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________