WHEN TO GO: OPTIMIZATION OF HOST SWITCHING IN PARASITES WITH COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES
WHEN TO GO: OPTIMIZATION OF HOST SWITCHING IN PARASITES WITH COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00687.x
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Parker, Geoff A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammerschmidt, Katrin;Koch, Kamilla;Parker, Geoff A.
许多营养传播的寄生虫有复杂的生命周期：它们在最终宿主中繁殖之前至少要经过一个中间宿主。尽管其经济和理论的重要性，这种周期的演变很少被调查。在这里，结合一种新的建模方法与实验数据，我们第一次表明，主机之间存在一个最佳的传输时间为“模式寄生虫”，绦虫Schistocephalus solidus，从它的第一（桡足类）到它的第二（鱼）中间主机。当在此时左右在宿主之间转移时，（1）寄生虫在第二中间宿主中的表现，（2）最终宿主中的繁殖成功，以及（3）下一代的适应度最大化。此时，感染的桡足类的行为由捕食抑制转变为捕食增强。切换操作的最佳时间是在增加下一个宿主的建立概率和降低当前宿主的死亡率之间进行权衡的结果。我们的研究结果表明，这些操纵的行为变化是适应S。solidus，而不是一个神器，因为它们最大限度地提高寄生虫的适应性。
Many trophically transmitted parasites have complex life cycles: they pass through at least one intermediate host before reproducing in their final host. Despite their economic and theoretical importance, the evolution of such cycles has rarely been investigated. Here, combining a novel modeling approach with experimental data, we show for the first time that an optimal transfer time between hosts exists for a "model parasite," the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus, from its first (copepod) to its second (fish) intermediate host. When transferring between hosts around this time, (1) parasite performance in the second intermediate host, (2) reproductive success in the final host, and (3) fitness in the next generation is maximized. At that time, the infected copepod's behavior changes from predation suppression to predation enhancement. The optimal time for switching manipulation results from a trade-off between increasing establishment probability in the next host and reducing mortality in the present host. Our results show that these manipulated behavioral changes are adaptive for S. solidus, rather than an artifact, as they maximize parasite fitness.