Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: evidence of empathy?
Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: evidence of empathy?
复制标题
对黑猩猩角色逆转的理解：同理心的证据？
DOI：
10.1016/s0003-3472(05)81022-x
复制
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
S. Boysen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Povinelli;Kurt E. Nelson;S. Boysen
四只黑猩猩，Pan troglodytes，被单独训练与人类合作完成一项任务，允许双方参与者获得食物奖励。在每一对黑猩猩和人类的实验中，其中一个参与者（被试）可以看到四个选择装置上的哪一对食物托盘上有诱饵，但没有办法得到它;另一个参与者（操作者）可以拉动四个手柄中的一个，把一对托盘放在两个参与者都能够到的地方，但不能看到哪一个选择是正确的。其中两只黑猩猩最初被训练成告密者，并采用自发的手势来指示食物的位置。另外两只黑猩猩接受了操作员的训练，学会了对人类伙伴的指点做出反应。在黑猩猩实验对象达到近乎完美的表现后，每个黑猩猩-人类配对中的角色都被颠倒了。四只黑猩猩中的三只立即表现出理解其新社会角色的证据。结果进行了讨论的背景下，认知共情和未来的研究在非人类灵长类动物的社会归因的潜力。
Four chimpanzees,Pan troglodytes, were individually trained to cooperate with a human partner on a task that allowed both participants to obtain food rewards. In each chimpanzee-human dyad, one of the participants (the informant) could see which pair of food trays on a four-choice apparatus was baited, but had no means of obtaining it. The other participant (the operator) could pull one of four handles to bring a pair of the trays within reach of both participants, but could not see which choice was correct. Two of the chimpanzees were initially trained as informants and adopted spontaneous gestures to indicate the location of the food. The two other chimpanzees were trained as operators and learned to respond to the pointing of their human partner. After the chimpanzee subjects reached near perfect performance, the roles in each chimpanzee-human dyad were reversed. Three of the four chimpanzees showed immediate evidence of comprehension of their new social role. The results are discussed in the context of cognitive empathy and the potential for future research on social attribution in non-human primates.