Health and Economic Consequences of Lead Exposure Associated with Products and Services Provided by the Informal Economy
Health and Economic Consequences of Lead Exposure Associated with Products and Services Provided by the Informal Economy
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.0c08127
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发表时间：
2021-05-21
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Mihelcic, James R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buerck, Adaline M.;Usowicz, Michal;Mihelcic, James R.
在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC)，非正规经济的存在可能导致人类接触铅 (Pb) 等有毒金属。本文展示了改变马达加斯加非正规经济部门的做法对当地健康和经济效益的影响。具体而言，504 个本地制造的家用水泵中的含铅部件被替换为无铅部件。干预前，32%的家庭系统铅浓度高于世界卫生组织（WHO）临时饮用水指南10微克/升，但干预后，只有不到3%的系统超标。铅浓度降低的模型是为了将 BLL 升高 (>5 μg/dL) 的儿童比例从 34% 降低到 13%。根据预期终生生产力的提高，预计 BLL 的减少将为每个儿童带来 11 800 美元的平均经济效益。这相当于 730 名 1-5 岁儿童与泵相关的总效益为 870 万美元，投资回报率超过 1000 比 1。结果表明，按照联合国可持续发展目标 17 的建议，公共、私营和民间社会实体之间建立伙伴关系如何能够在中低收入国家实现重要的当地经济和健康效益。
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the presence of an informal economy can lead to human exposure to toxic metals such as lead (Pb). This paper demonstrates the local health and economic benefits of modifying practices within the informal economic sector in Madagascar. Specifically, leaded components in 504 locally manufactured household water pumps were replaced with unleaded components. Prior to the intervention, 32% of the household systems exhibited lead concentrations above the World Health Organization (WHO) provisional drinking water guideline of 10 mu g/L, but after the intervention, fewer than 3% of the systems were in exceedance. The reduction of lead concentration is modeled to reduce the fraction of children with elevated BLLs (>5 mu g/dL) from 34 to 13%. The reduction in BLLs is estimated to provide an average economic benefit of US$11 800 per child based on predicted increases in lifetime productivity. This corresponds to a total benefit of US$8.7 million for the 730 children aged 1-5 associated with the pumps, representing a return on investment of greater than 1000-to-1. Results demonstrate how the formation of partnerships between public, private, and civil society entities, as suggested by UN Sustainable Development Goal 17, can realize important local economic and health benefits in LMICs.