Pervasiveness of Biological Impacts of Artificial Light at Night.
Pervasiveness of Biological Impacts of Artificial Light at Night.
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icab145
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发表时间：
2021-10-04
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Sanders D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaston KJ;Ackermann S;Bennie J;Cox DTC;Phillips BB;Sánchez de Miguel A;Sanders D
夜间人造光（ALAN）及其相关的生物影响经常被描述为主要的城市问题。尽管这远非微不足道，但这意味着这些影响只影响已经被人类严重改变的生态系统，并且其空间范围相对有限，至少与吸引更多科学和公众关注的一些关键人为环境压力相比，如气候变化或塑料污染。然而，有许多理由认为，ALAN及其影响更为普遍，因此需要从更广泛的地理角度而不是从基本的城市角度来看待。在这里，我们解决，反过来，11个关键问题时，考虑的程度ALAN的生物影响的空间普及。首先，由于现有遥感数据来源及其处理方式的局限性，ALAN的全球范围本身可能被普遍低估。第二和第三，更孤立的（农村）和移动的（例如，车辆前灯）来源的ALAN可能具有非常广泛和重要的生物学影响。第四和第五，需要更多地考虑ALAN在海洋系统和其他偏远环境中的发生和影响。第六、第七和第八，越来越多的证据表明，ALAN在低光照水平下、从天光和长距离（因为某些生物可能会从海拔高度观察到它）产生重要的生物影响，所有这些都会增加影响发生的区域。第九和第十，ALAN可能会产生间接的生物效应，可能会进一步扩大这些地区，因为它具有景观生态学（改变运动和扩散，因此影响超出了ALAN的直接范围），并且因为ALAN与其他人为对环境的压力相互作用。最后，ALAN并不稳定，但在全球范围内迅速增加，并向通常具有更大生物影响的光波长转移。
Artificial light at night (ALAN) and its associated biological impacts have regularly been characterized as predominantly urban issues. Although far from trivial, this would imply that these impacts only affect ecosystems that are already heavily modified by humans and are relatively limited in their spatial extent, at least as compared with some key anthropogenic pressures on the environment that attract much more scientific and public attention, such as climate change or plastic pollution. However, there are a number of reasons to believe that ALAN and its impacts are more pervasive, and therefore need to be viewed from a broader geographic perspective rather than an essentially urban one. Here we address, in turn, 11 key issues when considering the degree of spatial pervasiveness of the biological impacts of ALAN. First, the global extent of ALAN is likely itself commonly underestimated, as a consequence of limitations of available remote sensing data sources and how these are processed. Second and third, more isolated (rural) and mobile (e.g., vehicle headlight) sources of ALAN may have both very widespread and important biological influences. Fourth and fifth, the occurrence and impacts of ALAN in marine systems and other remote settings, need much greater consideration. Sixth, seventh, and eighth, there is growing evidence for important biological impacts of ALAN at low light levels, from skyglow, and over long distances (because of the altitudes from which it may be viewed by some organisms), all of which would increase the areas over which impacts are occurring. Ninth and tenth, ALAN may exert indirect biological effects that may further expand these areas, because it has a landscape ecology (modifying movement and dispersal and so hence with effects beyond the direct extent of ALAN), and because ALAN interacts with other anthropogenic pressures on the environment. Finally, ALAN is not stable, but increasing rapidly in global extent, and shifting toward wavelengths of light that often have greater biological impacts.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Bowlin, Melissa S.;Enstrom, David A.;Cochran, James
通讯作者：
Cochran, James
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04882.x
发表时间：
2001-12-11
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Cinzano, P;Falchi, F;Elvidge, CD
通讯作者：
Elvidge, CD
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Colomb, R;Alonso, C;Nollmann, I
通讯作者：
Nollmann, I
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Correa-Cano ME;Goettsch B;Duffy JP;Bennie J;Inger R;Gaston KJ
通讯作者：
Gaston KJ
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2014.0126
发表时间：
2015-05-05
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Da Silva A;Valcu M;Kempenaers B
通讯作者：
Kempenaers B